“推阴阳”而动天地:董仲舒宇宙图式新探——如何实现对先秦儒家宇宙论的改造与超越  

Deducing Yin and Yang to Move Heaven and Earth:a New Exploration of Dong Zhongshu’s Cosmic Schema——How to Transform and Surpass the Confucian Cosmology in the pre-Qin Period

作　　者：余治平[1] YU Zhi-ping(Department of Philosophy,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学哲学系,上海200240

出　　处：《河北学刊》2021年第2期52-63,共12页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“董仲舒传世文献考辨与历代注疏研究”(19ZDA027)。

摘　　要：战国至秦汉时期,宇宙观建构是各派思想家的共同追求。先秦儒家人格化、性情化、伦理化的天道,其内在机理并未获得有效展开,显得凝固呆板,极大降低了人们对宇宙的好奇心和探究欲。董仲舒对天道信仰作了实证化、体系化、定律化的处理,进而完成了天之哲学建构。天虽至大至尊,却又被纳入“十端”之内,这种涵摄与共生的复杂交互关系导致天道充满内驱力而运行不殆。阴与阳所处地位、所发挥作用并不对等。“阴阳合别”,二气交替,共同促成岁月四时的运转变化,先秦儒家宇宙观到汉初被注入了动能。董学首次为五行确定了基本秩序,五行与四时、五方合理搭配。五行生胜,相互统一,创造动能,导致四时变化和世界运动。阴阳配五行的非对称性组合,则能够引发天道运行的永续不竭,带来无限生机。From the Warring States period to the Qin and Han dynasties,the construction of cosmology was the common pursuit of all thinkers.Dong Zhongshu dealt with the belief in the way of heaven empirically,systematically and legally,and then completed the construction of the philosophy of heaven.Yin and Yang contributed to the change of the four seasons,and the Confucian cosmology of the pre-Qin Dynasty was injected with kinetic energy in the early Han Dynasty.For the first time,Dong Zhongshu established the basic order for the five elements,and the five elements were reasonably matched with the four seasons and five directions.The five elements unify with each other to create kinetic energy,leading to the change of the four seasons and the world movement.The unsymmetrical combination of yin and yang with five elements can lead to the inexhaustible operation of heaven and bring infinite vitality.

关 键 词：董仲舒 宇宙论 十端 阴阳五行 先秦儒家 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]