双季直播稻品种搭配模式研究  

Collocation Modes for Different Varieties of Double-Cropping Direct-Seeding Rice

作　　者：李祖军 何汛锋 谭义青 曾研华[1] 曾勇军[1] 石庆华[1] 吴自明[1] 李辉婕 LI Zujun;HE Xunfeng;TAN Yiqing;ZENG Yanhua;ZENG Yongjun;SHI Qinghua;WU Ziming;LI Huijie(Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045;School of Humanities and Public Administration,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学人文与公共管理学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第3期688-696,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20171ACF60018);国家自然科学基金(71963020);江西省自然科学基金(20181BAA208055、20202BABL205020);江西省教育厅计划(GJJ180212)。

摘　　要：为探明双季直播条件下不同早晚稻搭配对生育特性、产量形成和稻米品质的影响,本研究以3个早稻品种(柒两优2012、潭两优83、湘早籼45号),2个晚稻品种(甬优1538、泰优398)为试验材料,设置早籼晚粳(M1):柒两优2012—甬优1538;早籼晚籼(早晚兼用,M2):柒两优2012—柒两优2012;早籼晚籼(早晚不兼用,M3):潭两优83—泰优398,并以双季兼用常规籼稻湘早籼45号为对照(CK),分析不同早晚稻双季直播的周年生育期、群体质量、产量构成、周年产量、稻米品质与稻米淀粉RVA特征谱。结果表明,不同搭配模式的晚稻均安全齐穗,周年生育期以M1最长(222 d),较CK延长了16 d;周年总产量M1最高(14.82 t·hm^(-2)),较CK增产1.56 t·hm^(-2),增产率为11.76%;其次是M2,周年总产量为14.29 t·hm^(-2),较CK增产1.03 t·hm^(-2),增产率为7.77%;M3周年总产量比CK增加了5.28%。对双季直播不同搭配模式的群体质量和产量构成特征分析表明,周年产量较高的搭配模式具有抽穗期-成熟期干物质积累量大,孕穗期-成熟期叶面积指数(LAI)大,早晚稻穗大、结实率和日产量高等特点。M1、M2和M3的晚稻稻米品质及稻米淀粉RVA特征谱优于CK,而早稻无明显差异。总体而言,M1搭配模式在保证周年产量的前提下,稻米品质优于其他搭配。本研究结果可为双季稻轻简化栽培提供参考。In order to investigate the effects of different early and late rice combinations on growth characteristics,yield formation and rice quality under double-cropping and direct seeding conditions,three early rice varieties(QLY2012,TLY 83,XZX45)and two late rice varieties(YY1538 and TY398)were used as experimental materials in this experiment.Four combination modes were designed,inbred indica rice XZX45 planted as control treatment(CK):XZX45-XZX45;Early indica-Late japonica(M1):QLY2012-YY1538;Early Indica-Late Indica(M2 same variety planted as early rice and late rice):QLY2012-QLY 2012;Early Indica and Late Indica(M3 different varieties planted as early rice and late rice):TLY83-TY398,with control(CK):XZX45-XZX45.The annual growth period,population quality,yield composition,annual yield,rice quality and RVA characteristic spectrum of rice starch were studied.The results showed that,these combinations were all heading safely,and the longest annual growth period was M1(222 days),which was 16 days longer than CK;the highest annual total yield was M1(14.82 t·hm^(-2)),which increased 1.56 t·hm^(-2) compared with CK,with an increase rate of 11.76%;the second was M2,its annual total yield was 14.29 t·hm^(-2),which increased by 1.03 t·hm^(-2) and the growth rate was 7.77%compared with CK,and the annual total yield of M3 increased by 5.28%compared with CK.The analysis on the characteristics of population quality and yield components of different early and late rice collocation modes in double-cropping and direct-seeding rice,showed that the collocation mode with higher annual yield had the characteristics of large dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity stage,large leaf area index from booting stage to maturity stage,large spike size,high seed setting rate and daily yield of early and late rice.M1,M2 and M3 treatments had better rice quality and RVA profile than CK,but no significant difference was observed in early rice.Generally speaking,the collocation mode(M1)guarantees annual yield,and rice quality is

关 键 词：双季直播 搭配模式 干物质积累 稻米 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]