青海湖区芨芨草草原土壤养分对翻耕和补播措施的响应  

Respond of Soil Nutrient to Plowing and Reseeding of Achnatherum splendens in the Qinghai Lake Region

作　　者：刘涛 朱迪[2,3] 吕婷 梁瑞芳 刘峰[2,3] 马子兰 李以康 马玉枝 苏旭[2,3,4] LIU Tao;ZHU Di;LÜ Ting;LIANG Rui-Fang;LIU Feng;MA Zi-Lan;LI Yi-Kang;MA Yu-Zhi;SU Xu(School of Geography,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008;Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008;School of Life Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008;Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学地理科学学院,西宁810008 [2]青海师范大学青海省青藏高原药用动植物资源重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]青海师范大学生命科学学院,西宁810008 [4]青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室 [5]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001

出　　处：《植物研究》2021年第2期270-280,共11页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270576,41761009);青海省自然科学基金项目(2017-ZJ-782);青海省作物分子育种重点实验室开放课题(2017-ZJ-Y14)。

摘　　要：为探究翻耕和补播导致高寒草原土壤养分垂直分布特征变化,以青藏高原青海湖区芨芨草(Achnather⁃um splendens)草原为实验对象,分析1958年翻耕和1990年补播两种不同的草地恢复措施对高寒草原土壤养分含量及分布特征(0~10,10~20,20~30,30~40,40~60 cm)的影响。结果表明:翻耕、补播措施下土壤有机碳和全钾含量均显著高于原生芨芨草样地(P<0.05),而不利于土壤全氮含量的恢复,两种扰动均有利于芨芨草草原土壤浅层(0~10 cm)速效磷、有机碳养分富集;翻耕后土壤有机碳、全氮和速效钾均随土层深度的增加而降低(P<0.05),全磷、全钾及土壤pH、容重在各土层间差异不显著。相比对照样地,补播导致各土层速效氮养分显著降低(P<0.01),但翻耕和补播扰动均使土壤全钾含量显著升高,深层土(40~60 cm)全氮(TN)含量显著降低(P<0.05);对照原生芨芨草样地,补播后土壤全氮与全磷含量出现显著正相关关系(P<0.05),而翻耕措施导致原有的速效磷与速效氮二者相关性不显著,两种措施均引起土壤养分与容重之间负相关性。翻耕、补播后土壤pH显著降低,扰动使土壤理化性质改变,以及表层速效养分汇集于浅层土壤,将加快土壤养分的周转,输出量增加促进了地上植被恢复,除全钾含量外,以上两种措施引起不同土层全量养分的恢复是一个极其缓慢过程。In order to explore the vertical variation character of soil nutrients caused by plowing and reseeding treatments,the grassland of Achnatherum splendens was used to analyze the effects of two restoration with plowing in 1958 or reseeding in 1992 nutritional distribution characteristics of 0‒10,10‒20,20‒30,30‒40 and 40‒60 cm soil in the zone of the Qinghai Lake of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The results showed that the soil organic carbon and the content of total K,the plot under plowing and reseeding disturbance,were significantly higher than natural A.splendens grassland.Both disturbances were beneficial to the shallow layers of soil to enrich available phosphorus and organic carbon nutrients,not to the restoration of total N(P<0.05).The contents of available K,total N and organic carbon decreased as the depth of the soil increases,but the soil bulk density,soil pH,the content of total P and K were not significantly different among each layers of plowing soil.Compared with the natural group,the content of available N was significantly decreased at each layers of reseeding soil(P<0.01),but both disturbances caused significantly higher total K content,and significantly lower total N content in the soil 40‒60 cm(P<0.05).Compared with the natural group,there were significantly positive correlation between the contents of total N and K(P<0.05),not significant correlation between the contents of available P and N after reseeding,both disturbances aroused the negative correlation between the soil nutrients and the soil bulk density.The pH values of the soil decreased significantly after plowing and reseeding,and plowing treatment could concentrate the soil available nutrients in the surface layer.The reseeding treatment accelerated the turnover of soil nutrients,and the increase of output promoted the restoration of aboveground vegetation,Beside the total potassium content.Both disturbances caused the recovery of total nutrients in different soil layers will be an extremely slow process.

关 键 词：青海湖 翻耕 补播 土壤养分 土壤恢复 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]