咸海生态危机:荒漠化趋势与生态恢复防控对策  

Ecological Restoration and Countmeasures against Desertification Crisis in Aral Sea Region

作　　者：何明珠 高鑫 赵振勇[2] 杨昊天 黄磊 李新荣 雷加强[2] HE Mingzhu;GAO Xin;ZHAO Zhenyong;YANG Haotian;HUANG Lei;LI Xinrong;LEI Jiaqiang(Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙坡头沙漠试验研究站,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2021年第2期130-140,共11页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA20030102、XDA20030103)。

摘　　要：土地荒漠化是全球可持续发展面临的问题和挑战。中国政府提出将"丝绸之路经济带"建设与中亚的生态环境保护融于一体,打造中国-中亚命运共同体,推动"绿色丝绸之路"的可持续发展。然而,咸海生态危机引发水体大幅缩减,生物多样性丧失,以及土地盐渍化、沙化、盐尘等已成为"绿色丝绸之路"建设在中亚遇到的重大环境问题。文章在梳理咸海生态危机引发的土地荒漠化问题的基础上,科学分析了近30年来咸海地区沙化和盐渍化土地发展的趋势,探讨了阿姆河流域-咸海地区植被稳定性和承载力的空间分异性,提出基于多学科融合的沙化和盐渍化土地生态恢复的思路和防控对策。助力解决咸海生态危机及荒漠化问题是建设"绿色丝绸之路"的焦点之一,也是构建人类命运共同体和践行生态文明全球价值观的重要体现。Land degradation and desertification are the serious ecological problems and challenges to achieve global sustainable development goals. The Chinese government proposes to integrate the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt with the environmental improvement of the Central Asia, to build an intimate community of shared destiny between China and the Central Asia countries, and to promote the green and sustainable development of the Silk Road Economic Belt. However, the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea causes a significant shrinking in water body, loss of biodiversity, salinization, desertification, and salt dust storm, which have become major environmental problems encountered in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt in the Central Asia. On the basis of sorting out the problems of land degradation and desertification caused by the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea, this study scientifically analyzed the development trend and causes of desertification and salinization land in the Aral Sea region in the past 30 years, discussed the spatial differences of vegetation stability and its carrying capacity in the Amu Darya Basin and the Aral Sea region, and put forward the directions, strategies, key technologies and innovative modes of ecological restoration for the desertification and salinized land. Solving the ecological crisis and desertification in the Aral Sea is one of the key points in the construction of the Green Silk Road, and also an important embodiment of building a community of shared future for mankind and practicing the global values of ecological civilization.

关 键 词：咸海 荒漠化 可持续发展 盐渍化 盐尘 植被承载力 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]