黄河三角洲潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与分布特征  

Community characteristics and spatial distribution of invertebrate macrobenthos in intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：史会剑 李玄 王海艳[2] 马培振[2] 张文文 雍凡 崔鹏 吴翼 SHI Hui-jian;LI Xuan;WANG Hai-yan;MA Pei-zhen;ZHANG Wen-wen;YONG Fan;CUI Peng;WU Yi(Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning,Jinan 250101,China;Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Research Center for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity,Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment/State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Wuyi Mountains/Biodiversity Comprehensive Observation Station for Wuyi Mountains/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省生态环境规划研究院,山东济南250101 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所/中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266071 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所自然保护与生物多样性研究中心/国家环境保护武夷山生态环境科学观测研究站/武夷山生物多样性综合观测站/国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《海洋科学》2021年第2期11-21,共11页Marine Sciences

基　　金：黄河三角洲自然保护区生物多样性调查与研究;生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目。

摘　　要：为了解黄河三角洲潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物现状,于2019年5月分别对建国后黄河入海口4个流路区域20个潮间带站位进行了采样调查。调查共采集到大型底栖无脊椎动物5纲16目37科60种,主要优势种有托氏䗉螺(Umbonium costatum)、泥螺(Bullacta exarata)、光滑河篮蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)、彩虹明樱蛤(Moerella iridescens)和四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)等;平均密度和平均生物量分别为158.34个/m^(2)和398.3 g/m^(2);各流路区域的丰富度指数(d)变化范围为0.786~1.409,均匀度指数(J)的变化范围为0.332~0.462,多样性指数(H')的变化范围为1.216~1.692。平均密度在不同地点间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其余指数则差异不显著(P>0.05)。聚类分析结果说明各采样站位物种相似度较高。黄河入海改道、防潮坝建设工程以及黄河国家级自然保护区对黄河三角洲潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物物种组成、分布及群落结构产生一定影响。本研究对黄河三角洲潮间带大型底栖无脊椎动物的资源状况进行分析,为底栖生物多样性保护提供本底数据,以促进黄河三角洲湿地的合理开发与可持续利用。In order to understand the community characteristics of invertebrate macrobenthos in intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta,including the species composition,biomass,density and dominant species,an investigation was conducted at a total 20 sections of the four flow paths zone in May 2019.A total of 60 invertebrate macrobenthos species belonging to 37 families and 16 orders in 5 classes were collected and identified.The dominant species were mollusks such as Umbonium costatum,Bullacta exarata,Potamocorbula laevis,Moerella iridescens,and Mactra veneriformis.The average density and biomass were 158.34 ind./m^(2) and 398.3 g/m^(2),respectively.The Margalef richness index(d)value varied from 0.786 to 1.409,with the Pielou index(J)value and the Shannon-Wiener index(H')value ranging from 0.332 to 0.462 and 1.216 to 1.692,respectively.The average density was significantly different(P<0.05)among different locations,but no significant differences(P>0.05)were found in other indexes.The results of cluster analysis indicated that there was high similarity of community characteristics of macrobenthos among flow path zones.The structural characteristics of macrobenthos community was affected by many factors,for instance,the change of flow paths to the sea,dam construction and theYellow River Delta nature reserves.Therefore,this study aimed to provide background data for the protection of benthic biodiversity and promote rational development and sustainable use of wetland resources of the Yellow River Delta.

关 键 词：底栖无脊椎动物 群落结构 空间分布 潮间带 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]