某复杂铌稀土矿石工艺矿物性质及可选性分析  

Process Mineralogy Characteristics of a Complex Niobium-rare Earth Ore and Implications for Mineral Processing

作　　者：洪秋阳 梁冬云 李波 张莉莉 饶金山 Hong Qiuyang;Liang Dongyun;Li Bo;Zhang Lili;Rao Jinshan(Institute of Resources Comprehensive Utilization,Guangdong Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Metals Separation and Comprehensive Utilization,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Development and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院资源综合利用研究所,稀有金属分离与综合利用国家重点实验室,广东省矿产资源开发和综合利用重点实验室,广东广州510650

出　　处：《矿产综合利用》2021年第1期171-178,共8页Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目广东省矿产资源开发与综合利用重点实验室开放运行(2017B030314046)。

摘　　要：采用MLA结合显微镜鉴定、单矿物提纯、化学分析等研究方法,对某复杂铌稀土矿石进行详细的工艺矿物学研究,包括矿石的矿物组成、各主要矿物的嵌布粒度、解离度和嵌布状态,有价元素在矿石中的赋存状态等,并在此基础上进行可选性分析,以期为这类复杂稀土稀有金属矿产资源的开发利用提供参考和依据。矿石中的有价矿物为稀土矿物、磷灰石和铌矿物,其中稀土矿物以独居石、直氟碳钙铈矿和胶态相稀土为主,铌矿物主要是易解石和铌铁矿。矿石中铌、稀土矿物嵌布粒度细,与磷灰石、褐铁矿连生关系复杂,解离度较低,预计采用单一磁选或者浮选方法难以将铌、稀土矿物与磷灰石或褐铁矿进行有效的分离。而磷灰石的嵌布粒度较粗,解离性好;磷灰石单矿物中含稀土REO 1.28%,且可浮性优于独居石和直氟碳钙铈矿。因此建议采用物理选矿方法获得稀土-磷混合精矿,再结合冶金方法处理回收稀土及磷。The process mineralogy characteristics of a complex niobium-rare earth ore such as mineralogical composition,grain size,liberation degree,occurrence of valuable minerals and the deportment of each valuable element were studied by MLA combined with conventional methods including microscopic identification,single mineral purification and chemical analysis,and the factors affecting beneficiation were discussed,which is hoped to provide a reference for the development and utilization of such complex rare earth and rare metal mineral resources.The valuable minerals of the ore are rare earth minerals dominated with monazite,synchysite and colloid phase rare earth,apatite and the niobium minerals including aeschynite and columbite.Due to the fine grain size,complex association with apatite or limonite and poor liberation,the niobium and rare earth minerals are difficult to be effectively separated with apatite and limonite by single magnetic separation or flotation.The apatite has a relatively coarse grain size,a good liberation,contains REO 1.28%,and especially has a better floatability than monazite and synchysite.So it is suggested to use the physical beneficiation methods to obtain a rare earth-phosphorus mixed concentrate which is recovered the rare earth and phosphorus by metallurgical methods subsequently.

关 键 词：铌稀土矿石 独居石 直氟碳钙铈矿 胶态相稀土 工艺矿物学 MLA 

分 类 号：TD952[矿业工程—选矿] P8[天文地球]