中国北方地区年降水与气温关系及其时空变异性  

The Relationship between Annual Precipitation and Temperature and Its Spatiotemporal Variability in Northern China

作　　者：陈阳 马龙[1] 刘廷玺[1] 黄星[1] 梁珑腾 CHEN Yang;MA Long;LIU Tingxi;HUANG Xing;LIANG Longteng(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2021年第1期135-145,共11页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51669016,51869016);内蒙古自治区“草原英才”工程。

摘　　要：降水与气温之间的不同关系类型对植被、水资源、生态环境等有着不同的影响,全面揭示大范围多气候类型区关系类型及其时空变异性和影响成为重要研究内容。文章以范围较广、涵盖气候类型较多的中国北方地区为研究区,利用研究区及其周边的357个高密度气象站点1951—2016年年降水量、气温数据,采用中心聚类等方法,定性、定量揭示了中国北方地区降水与气温间关系类型及其时空变异性。结果表明,总体上,降水与平均最高气温(-0.568—0.082)的相关性强于平均最低气温(-0.018—0.413)和平均气温(-0.39—0.261),二者关系主要有趋势同向型和趋势反向型两大类以及暖干冷湿交替型、暖湿冷干交替型、暖干型、暖湿型、冷干型和冷湿型六小类;趋势同向型关系以暖湿型为主,自1980s开始在研究区较大范围内出现,持续时间集中在21—40 a之间;趋势反向型关系以暖干冷湿交替型为主,出现时间多为1950s初期,持续时间为13—66 a不等。降水与平均最低气温在1950s—1970s以暖干型关系为主,与平均气温、平均最高气温则大多呈暖干冷湿交替型关系;在1980s—1990s,降水与三类气温的关系陆续向暖湿转型,其中降水与平均气温关系发生转化的时间早于平均最低气温和平均最高气温,北部比南部早;进入21世纪以后,降水与三类气温在研究区北部多呈暖干冷湿交替型关系,南部则以暖湿型关系为主。该研究丰富了降水与气温间关系的研究成果,为区域生态环境改善、水资源问题应对等提供了参考。Different types of relationship between precipitation and temperature have different impacts on vegetation,water resources,and environment.It has became an important research content to reveal the relationship types,temporal and spatial variability and influence of a wide range of climate typologies.This paper took the North of China as the study area,which encompasses a vast area with a variety of climate types,regional meteorological records(including precipitation and temperature)from 1951 to 2016 were obtained from 357 different gauge stations,by adopting several statistical methods,such as the central cluster method to reveal the relationship between precipitation and temperature from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives.The results indicated that,on the whole,the correlation between precipitation and average maximum temperature(−0.568–0.082)was stronger than average minimum temperature(−0.018–0.413)and average temperature(−0.39–0.261),there were two mainly relationships between precipitation and temperature:trend direction and trend reverse,which can be divided into six small classes:warm dry-cold wet alteration,warm wet-cold dry alteration,warm dry,warm wet,cold dry,and cold wet.the warm wet whose duration time is between 21 to 40 a appeared in a large range of the study area since 1980s,accounted for majority of the trend direction,however,the trend reverse relationship consisted largely of the warm dry-cold wet alternation,which appeared mostly in the early 1950s and the time of duration was different from 13 to 66 a.Between 1950s and 1970s,the relationship between precipitation and average minimum temperature focus on the warm dry,besides,the relationships among precipitation,average temperature and average maximum temperature are mainly in warm dry-cold wet alternation,during the 1980s–1990s,the relationship between precipitation and three types of temperature successively changed into the warm wet.the change time of the relationship between precipitation and average temperature

关 键 词：降水 气温 关系 时空变异性 中国北方地区 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]