日本城市水系统发展历程  

Development history of urban water system in Japan

作　　者：郝天 桂萍[1] 龚道孝[1] HAO Tian;GUI Ping;GONG Daoxiao(Urban Water and Engineering Research Branch 3China Academy of Urban Planning&Design,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国城市规划设计研究院城镇水务与工程研究分院,北京100044

出　　处：《给水排水》2021年第1期84-89,共6页Water & Wastewater Engineering

基　　金：国家水污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07110008)。

摘　　要：日本自明治维新开始至今走过了漫长的城市治水历程,先后经历了萌芽起步、快速发展、提质增效和系统化4个主要阶段。明治维新推动了城市水系统萌芽。第二次世界大战后随着经济腾飞,日本城市水系统快速发展,但总体上"轻节流、轻治污、轻生态",导致水问题集中爆发。20世纪80年代开始日本转变治水思路,以其特有的精细模式逐渐提质增效。2014年日本大力推广健康水循环理念,将城市涉水工作以系统思维实现串联衔接和全局统筹。经过百余年的发展建设,日本城市水系统通过发现问题、解决问题、提升优化和系统反思不断演进提升,形成了完善的法律支撑体系、协调高效的管理机制和先进的系统治水理念,值得我国在城市水系统规划建设管理工作中学习借鉴。Since Meiji Restoration,Japan has gone through a long process of urban water control,which has experienced four main stages:germination,rapid development,quality improvement and efficiency increase,and systematization.Meiji Restoration promoted the germination of urban water system.After World WarⅡ,with the rapid development of economy,Japan’s urban water system developed rapidly,but not paying attention to water conservation and pollution control led to the concentrated outbreak of water problems.In the 1980s,Japan began to change its thinking of water control and gradually improved its quality and efficiency with its unique fine model.In 2014,Japan vigorously promoted the concept of healthy water cycle,and realized series connection and overall planning of urban water related work with systematic thinking.After more than 100 years of development and construction,Japan’s urban water system has developed and improved continuously through problem discovery,problem solving,improvement and optimization,and system reflection,forming aperfect legal support system,coordinated and efficient management mechanism and advanced system water control concept,which is worth learning from in urban water system planning and construction management in China.

关 键 词：日本 城市水系统 发展历程 健康水循环 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]