植物脂氧合酶在逆境胁迫应答中功能研究进展  

Plant Lipoxygenases: Advance of the Function in Stress Response

作　　者：董春燕 梁卫红 程辉[1] 于东明[1] 吕东[1] 孙炎锋 苗琛[1] Dong Chunyan;Liang Weihong;Cheng Hui;Yu Dongming;Lv Dong;Sun Yanfeng;Miao Chen(State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,School of Life Sciences,Henan University,Kaifeng Henan 475004)

机构地区：[1]河南大学棉花生物学国家重点实验室/生命科学学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第33期102-107,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“拟南芥13-脂氧合酶调控气孔运动的作用机制”(31470354)。

摘　　要：脂氧合酶(Lipoxygenase, LOX)催化多不饱和脂肪酸加氧反应,进一步通过酶促或非酶促途径生成氧脂素(oxylipins)从而参与调节生长发育、胁迫应答等过程。为了深入了解脂氧合酶在植物应答逆境胁迫中的功能和作用机制,本研究归纳了近期在拟南芥、玉米等模式植物和作物中LOX在生物胁迫和非生物胁迫应答中功能相关研究进展,揭示了LOX家族成员在应答机械伤害、干旱、盐害等非生物胁迫和黄萎病、黄曲霉菌感染、线虫入侵、蚜虫咬食等生物胁迫中的功能,分析了各成员在胁迫应答过程中的分工合作甚至拮抗作用,以及13-LOX途径与9-LOX途径的"对话",指出LOX活性、转录表达的调节是氧脂素合成和胁迫应答调控的重要组成部分,是潜在的作物遗传改良靶位点。LOX表达调控、作用机制以及脂氧合酶途径下游一系列代谢产物的鉴定和详细研究是未来该领域研究的重点。Lipoxygenase(LOX) catalyzes the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to further produce oxylipins via the enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathway, thereby participating in the processes of regulation of growth and development, and stress response.To deeply understand the function and mechanism of LOX for plants under stress conditions, this study summarizes recent research progress on the functions of LOX in biotic and abiotic stress responses in such model plants and crops as Arabidopsis thaliana and corn;reveals functions of LOX family members in response to abiotic(e.g., mechanical wounding, drought, and salt stress) and biotic stress(e.g., Verticillium wilt, Aspergillus flavus infection, nematode invasion, and aphid bite);analyzes how these members share out the work and cooperate with one another, and even antagonize each other during the stress response, along with the"cross-talk"between 13-LOX pathway and 9-LOX pathway;and points out that LOX activity and regulation of transcriptional expression are important parts of regulation of oxylipin synthesis and stress responses, as well as potential targets for genetic improvement of crops.The expression regulation and mechanism of LOX, and the identification and detailed study of a series of downstream metabolites in the lipoxygenase pathway will be research focuses in this field in the future.

关 键 词：脂氧合酶 茉莉酸 非生物胁迫 生物胁迫 遗传改良 

分 类 号：S184[农业科学—农业基础科学]