我国护士职业发展现况及其影响因素分析  

Analysis on the status of nurses’ career development and influencing factors in China

作　　者：邬燕平[1] 徐凤霞 刘小玮[1] 郭玲玲[1] 王金凤[1] 郑爽 年玉莹 WU Yanping;XU Fengxia;LIU Xiaowei;GUO Lingling;WANG Jinfeng;ZHENG Shuang;NIAN Yuying(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100053,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院妇产科,北京市100053

出　　处：《中国护理管理》2021年第1期80-84,共5页Chinese Nursing Management

基　　金：中国科协九大代表(全国学会)2019年调研课题专项资助项目(科协办函厅字【2019】138号)。

摘　　要：目的:分析我国护士职业发展现况及影响因素,为制定护士职业发展管理策略提供参考依据。方法:2019年11—12月,采用方便抽样的方法以全国23个省份、5个自治区、4个直辖市、2个特别行政区共70 932名护士作为调查对象,进行职业发展相关数据的收集,并进行职业发展现况的描述及多元线性回归分析。结果 :我国护士职业发展均分为3.63±0.58,工作投入维度均分3.81±0.63,职业发展动力维度均分3.52±0.63,职业环境维度均分3.59±0.69,三组之间比较差异具有统计学意义(F=445 921.840,P<0.001);多元线性回归分析结果显示医院等级、年龄、文化程度、个人年收入、工作年限、子女情况、心理韧性、工作家庭冲突是护士职业发展的影响因素,可解释总变异的36%。结论 :我国护士工作投入水平相对较高;心理韧性、工作家庭冲突是护士职业发展的重要预测因子;护理管理者可通过提高护士心理韧性、降低护士工作家庭冲突的方式促进护士的职业发展。Objective: To analyze the status and influencing factors of nurses’ career development in China, and to provide reference for the development of nurses’ career development management strategies. Methods: From November to December 2019, a total of 70932 nurses in 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and 2 special administrative regions of China were selected by convenient sampling to investigate the current status of career development. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. Results: The nurses’ career development was 3.63±0.58, the work engagement was 3.81±0.63, the career development motivation was 3.52±0.63, and the career environment was 3.59±0.69. The difference among the three groups was statistically significant(F=445921.840, P<0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that hospital grade, age, education, personal annual income, working years, children’s situation, psychological resilience and work-family conflict were influencing factors for nurses’ career development, which could explain 36% of the total variation. Conclusion: The level of work engagement is relatively high. Psychological resilience and work-family conflict are important predictors of nurses’ career development. Nursing managers can promote nurses’ career development by improving psychological resilience and reducing their work-family conflicts.

关 键 词：职业发展 影响因素 护理管理 卫生人力 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]