重新定义油源岩及其石油地质意义  

Oil Source Rock Redefining and Its Petroleum Geological Significance

作　　者：关德范[1] 刘倩[2] Guan Defan;Liu Qian(SINOPEC Exploration&Production Research Institute,Beijing 100083;China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油大学(北京),北京102249

出　　处：《中外能源》2021年第1期7-14,共8页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：传统思维定义和评价油源岩的方法,源于有机化学家常用的物质协同反应原理,即参与化学反应的反应物不经过任何中间体,直接完成生成物的反应。据此,根据岩石中含有的全部有机物热解生成的石油总量,就可以定义和评价某个岩石是否(定义)为油源岩以及质量等级。这种有机化学的思维方法 ,是B.P.蒂索和D.H.威尔特在其干酪根热降解生油学说中首先提出并推广应用的。由于该学说是"人造石油"的理论基础,脱离了地下地质条件的实际,因此是片面和错误的。以J.M.亨特为代表的有机地球化学思维方法 ,强调要依据地下地质条件来定义和评价油源岩。认为油源岩是在地质条件下,能生成石油、又能运移出来并聚集成商业性石油的一种岩石。这种岩石实质上是一组泥(页)岩夹砂岩的组合。中国内陆湖盆缓坡地带发育的河流三角洲沉积体,是泥岩夹砂岩、砂岩夹泥岩的最有利沉积体。这种沉积体既能生油、又能运移聚集成藏,形成了页岩油藏和常规油藏在内的含油气体系。The traditional way of defining and evaluating oil source rocks originates from the principle of synergistic reaction of substances commonly used by organic chemists,that is,the reactants involved in chemical reactions directly complete the reaction of products without any intermediates.Accordingly,it is possible to define and evaluate whether a rock is an oil source rock and its quality grade according to the total amount of petroleum generated by pyrolysis of all organic matter contained in the rock.This thinking method of or-ganic chemistry was first proposed and applied by B.P.Tisso and D.H.Wilt in their theory of oil generation by thermal degradation of kerogen.Since this theory is the theoretical basis of "artificial petroleum" and not connected with reality of underground geological conditions,it is one-sided and wrong.The organic geochemical thinking method represented by J.M.Hunt emphasizes the definition and evaluation of oil source rocks accord-ing to underground geological conditions.It is considered that oil source rock is a kind of rock that can gen-erate petroleum,migrate out and accumulate into commercial petroleum under geological conditions.The rock is essentially a group of mudstone interbedded with sandstone.The fluvial deltas developed in the gentle slope of inland lacustrine basins in China are the most favorable sedimentary bodies of mudstone interbedded with sandstone or sandstone interbedded with mudstone.These sedimentary bodies can not only generate oil,but also migrate and accumulate into reservoirs,and then hydrocarbon systems including shale and conventional reservoirs may be formed.

关 键 词：油源岩 有机化学 有机地球化学 地下地质条件 泥岩夹砂岩 河流三角洲 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]