工作压力在护士职业倦怠与工作特征的中介作用  

The mediating role of job stress between job characteristics and job burnout among nurses

作　　者：刘纳[1] 张子豪 王琳[1] 王秋芳 赵芳[1] Liu Na;Zhang Zihao;Wang Lin;Wang Qiufang;Zhao Fang(International Medical Department,China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Beijing,100029;Institute for Hospital Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中日友好医院国际医疗部,北京100029 [2]清华大学医院管理研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《现代临床护理》2021年第1期1-7,共7页Modern Clinical Nursing

摘　　要：目的了解护士职业倦怠、工作特征与工作压力的现状并评估三者的关系。方法采用一般情况调查表、中文版护士职业倦怠量表(maslach burnout inventory,MBI)、护士压力源量表、工作特征量表(job characteristics inventory)对423名护士进行调查。采用Pearson相关分析探讨护士工作特征、工作压力与职业倦怠三者的关系,根据Pearson相关分析,建立路径关系模型,对护士职业倦怠、工作特征与工作压力三者之间的关系进行路径分析。结果职业倦怠量表中护士情感耗竭维度的得分(26.04±11.64)分、工作冷漠感维度(7.39±2.14)分、个人无成就感维度(33.87±8.64)分,三者高度倦怠感分别占50.83%、39.01%、49.41%;护士工作特征总分(104.52±15.51)分;工作压力总分(109.32±18.93)分。工作压力在工作特征与职业倦怠之间有部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的54.40%。结论护士职业倦怠较严重。护理管理者应采取有效的措施降低护士的工作压力感,从多个维度改善护士的工作特征,从而降低护士职业倦怠水平。Objective To explore the current situations of basic personal information,job characteristics,work stress and burnout among nurses and explore the correlations between them.Methods A total of 423 nurses were enrolled in the study using basic personal information questionnaires,Maslach burnout inventory(MBI),nursing job stressor inventor(NJSI),and job characteristics inventory(JCI).The correlations among job characteristics,job stress and job burnout were studied using Pearson correlation analysis,and a path relationship model according to the results was established.Results The demension of emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,lack of personal achievement were 26.04±11.64,7.39±2.14,33.87±8.64,of which burnout were 50.83%,39.01%,49.41%.The scores of job characteristics,job stress were(104.52±15.51),(109.32±18.93),respectively.Job characteristics had negative predictive functions on job burnout(β=-0.281,P<0.001).Job stress acted as a mediator in job characteristics and job burnout,and the intermediary effect accounted for 54.40%of the total effect.Conclusion Hospital managers should take measures to reduce nurses'job stress,and improve nurses'job characteristics through various dimensions,so as to alleviate the burnout among nurses.

关 键 词：护士 职业倦怠 工作特征 工作压力 中介作用 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]