纳米材料在植物遗传转化中的应用  

Application of nanomaterials in plant genetic transformation

作　　者：高鸿飞 范世航 刘婧琳 熊重明 华玮[1] 李俊[1] GAO Hong-fei;FAN Shi-hang;LIU Jing-lin;XIONG Chong-ming;HUA Wei;LI Jun(Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Biology and Ge-netic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China;HANJIA Mole-cule Agricultural Technology Development Co.,LTD,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]武汉汉加魔力农业科技发展有限公司,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2021年第1期64-69,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31100236);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0100500)。

摘　　要：植物细胞壁是植物遗传转化过程中外源生物分子传递的主要限制因素。传统植物遗传转化方法需要外力辅助或生物介导。基于纳米材料构建的核酸载体无需外力即可转染,并具有生物相容性好、保护外源核酸免受破坏和转染效率高等突出优点,为植物遗传工程技术提供了新的途径。本文在阐述植物遗传转化瓶颈、常用遗传转化技术的缺陷、纳米材料在植物遗传转化中的应用与优势的基础上,重点探讨纳米材料介导的植物遗传转化的关键技术和研究进展。最后分析了该技术的优缺点,并对其发展方向以及目前需要解决的重点问题做了展望。To break the main obstacle that the cell wall preventing delivery of exogenous biomolecules into intact cell during plant genetic transformation,nanomaterial-mediated gene delivery technology was currently successfully applied.Traditional transgenic methods require the aid of external force or the mediation by creatures like agrobacterium.The nano-carriers for genetic delivery possess outstanding advantages such as excellent biocompatibility,ability to protect external DNA/RNA against nuclease degradation,high transfection efficiency,thus provide a new promising way for plant genetic engineering.In this paper,we summarized the bottlenecks of plant genetic transformation met currently,the drawbacks of the existing methods and the advantages of nanomaterial-mediated delivery.And the key techniques and research progresses of nanoparticles-mediated plant transformation were discussed in detail.Ultimately,the advantages and disadvantages as well as future direction and problems of this newly formed technology were also discussed and prospected.

关 键 词：纳米材料 遗传转化 基因工程 农作物 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学] Q812[生物学—生物工程]