农田排水暗管系统施工方法和装备研究现状与展望  

Status and Prospects for R & D on Installation Machinery of Subsurface Land Drain-pipes

作　　者：郭大方 陈坤[1,2] 胡小安 耿冠杰[1,2] 赵士猛 崔宝辉 GUO Dafang;CHEN Kun;HU Xiaoan;GENG Guanjie;ZHAO Shimeng;CUI Baohui(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing TsunGreatwall Hydraulic R&D Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083 [2]北京天顺长城液压科技有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程》2020年第11期58-65,共8页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(项目编号:2016YFC0501305)。

摘　　要：农田排水具有防涝、控水和排盐等多重功能,其中暗管排水是当今最有效的大面积农田排水解决方案。暗管系统的施工从完全人工安装、人工结合机械安装,发展到全机械化安装,实现了基于激光/卫星定位系统的坡降和高程(埋深)控制,作业质量和效率显著提高。然而,暗管排水技术专业性强,施工装备复杂,系统实施难度大、一次性投资高。因此,在施工过程中必须结合生产实际选用最宜技术和装备,进一步完善施工规范,积极探索和开发新工法、新材料和新装备,提高施工装备作业能力、效率和质量,依靠技术创新不断降低工程造价和投资风险,提高技术可接受性。此外,还需加强技术培训与国际合作,广泛汲取国际先进经验和教训,将我国暗管排水技术应用提升到世界先进水平,大规模提升我国盐渍和涝渍化土地质量,逆转或恢复日益恶化的盐碱土地生态环境,确保农林产业可持续发展。Land drainage can remove excess soil water,reduce water table and control soil salinity.Among different land drainage solutions,subsurface pipe drainage has proven in many countries around the world to be the most effective practice suitable for large-area applications.With advance of technology,implementation of drainage project has evolved from manual installation to large-scale fully-mechanized implementation,and the on-grade depth control is realized with laser/satellite positioning system,resulting in substantial increase in working efficiency and accuracy.However,large-scale application of such technology is constrained by its higher lump-sum investment.In this context,the best suitable method should be deliberated by reviewing limitations and advantages of different installation method and availability of installation machinery.Further efforts should be made to explore a complete set of procedures for implementation of subsurface pipe drainage systems and to develop new implementation practices and new materials,in a push to cut down construction cost,reduce investment risk,and improve capacity,efficiency and performance of various installation machines and equipment.Moreover,technical training and international cooperation are indispensable to draw experiences and learn lessons from leading countries for smooth extension of the technology in the saline-alkali areas scattered across China.In the end,the saline-alkali land can be improved on a larger scale and at a reasonable cost so as to stop or reverse worsening ecological environment for a sustainable development of agriculture and forestry industry.

关 键 词：农田排水 暗管排水 农业机械 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程]