淄博市蔬菜重金属污染状况及暴露风险评估  

Pollution status and exposure risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables in Zibo City

作　　者：常通[1] 魏滨[1] 王韬 王勤[1] 何漪[1] CHANG Tong;WEI Bin;WANG Tao;WANG Qin;HE Yi(Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zibo Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Analysis of Environmental Organic Pollution and Population Health,Zibo Shandong,255026,China)

机构地区：[1]淄博市疾病预防控制中心,淄博市环境有机污染与人群健康监测分析重点实验室,山东淄博255026

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第22期3056-3060,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：2018年淄博市重点研发计划项目(2018kj010115)。

摘　　要：目的评价淄博市蔬菜中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)和汞(Hg)的污染状况,评估经膳食途径摄入重金属的人体健康风险。方法对2015—2019年采集的612份叶菜类、根菜类、果菜类和茎菜类蔬菜样品中As、Cd、Pb和Hg的含量进行测定和分析。采用污染指数法、目标危害系数法和皮尔逊相关性分析分别对蔬菜中重金属污染程度、暴露人群的健康风险和来源相似性进行研究。结果蔬菜中重金属平均含量由高到低为Pb>Cd>As>Hg。叶菜类蔬菜中Cd和Pb的含量为最高,茎菜类蔬菜中As的含量和检出率为最高,叶菜类蔬菜和果菜类蔬菜中Cd超标率分别为1.52%和1.04%。各类蔬菜的污染程度皆为清洁等级。通过摄入单一类别蔬菜的As、Cd、Pb和Hg对人群无明显的健康风险。各类蔬菜中重金属对儿童和中老年的健康风险要高于青壮年;茎菜类蔬菜中重金属对儿童的健康风险较大,健康风险主要由As引起。淄博市蔬菜中As、Cd、Pb和Hg含量间均存在显著正相关,表明其来源存在相似性。结论淄博市蔬菜中重金属污染程度处于相对安全水平,茎菜类蔬菜中重金属对儿童的健康风险应引起重视。Objective To analyze the contamination of arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb) and mercury(Hg) in vegetables in Zibo City, evaluate the human health risk of heavy metals from feeding pathways. Methods The contents of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in 612 samples of leaf vegetable, root vegetable, fruit vegetable and stem vegetable from 2015-2019 were determined and analyzed. The pollution index method, target hazard quotient method and Pearson correlation analysis were used to determine the degree of heavy metal contamination, the health risk of exposed population and the similarity of source. Results The average content of heavy metals in vegetables from high to low was Pb>As>Cd>Hg. The contents of Cd and Pb were the highest in leaf vegetable, and the content and detection rate of As was the highest in stem vegetables. The over-standard rate of Cd in leaf vegetable and fruit vegetable was 1.52% and 1.04%, respectively. The contamination degree of all vegetables was clean, and there was no significant health risk by ingesting As, Cd, Pb and Hg from one single type of vegetables. The health risks of heavy metals in all kinds of vegetables were higher in children as well as in middle-aged and elderly people than in young adults. Heavy metals in stem vegetables posed a greater health risk to children, and the health risks were mainly caused by As. The contents of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in vegetables in Zibo City showed the significantly positive correlations, indicating the similarity of their sources. Conclusion The contamination of heavy metals in vegetables in Zibo City is at a relatively safe level. Heavy metals in stem vegetables should be paid more attention to the health risk of children.

关 键 词：蔬菜 重金属 污染 风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]