新中国成立以来我国高考政策公平性的价值变迁  

The Evolution of Fairness of College Entrance Examination Policy Since 1949

作　　者：王新凤[1] WANG Xin-feng(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教育学报》2021年第1期85-99,共15页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学国家一般课题“8省市高考综合改革实施的跟踪评估研究”(课题批准号:BIA200188)研究成果。

摘　　要：新中国成立以来,我国高考政策的公平性呈现出明显的阶段性特征。新中国成立之初,高校招生优先保障工农子女受教育权利,强调对考生的政治质量的考查;1977年恢复高考之后,高校招生强调效率优先、择优录取,高考政策的公平性更多体现为“分数面前人人平等”的程序公平;20世纪90年代末以来,公平公正成为我国高校招生的首要价值导向,更加注重协调发展基础上多渠道促进实质公平,重视对弱势群体的补偿。高考政策公平性的价值变迁与不同历史时期社会结构变迁、党和国家的政治策略和政治观念的变化密切相关。新时期的高考改革应继续贯彻以人民为中心的教育公平观,促进学生的全面发展,以共享发展为导向促进学生入学机会的城乡、区域公平,构建多元利益群体参与的教育治理格局,保障程序公平。Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the fairness of the college entrance examination policy has shown obvious stage characteristics.Since 1949,Chinese government gave rights priority to children of the workers and peasants to gain educational opportunities,and emphasized the candidates’political identity.Since 1977,college enrollment emphasized the priority of efficiency,the fairness of policy was more reflected in the procedural fairness of“everyone is equal before scores”.Since the end of the 1990s,fairness and justice became the primary value of college enrollment in China,the government pay more attention to substantial equity through multiple channels,especially the compensation for vulnerable groups.The fairness evolution of college entrance examination police is closely related to the requirements of economic and social development,the political strategies and concepts of authorities.The reform of college entrance examination in the new era should continue to implement the people-centered educational equity concept,promote the overall development of students,promote the equity of socially disadvantaged groups’enrollment opportunities sharing the social development,and construct the educational governance pattern with the participation of multiple interest groups.

关 键 词：高考政策 政策公平性 教育公平观 价值变迁 共享发展 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]