可生物降解PLA刺网与传统PA刺网的物理性能和捕捞效率的比较分析  

Comparative analysis of physical performance and fishing efficiency between biodegradable PLA gill net and conventional PA gill net

作　　者：舒爱艳 张敏[1] 余雯雯[2] 王越 石建高[2] 王磊[2] 闵明华[2] SHU Aiyan;ZHANG Min;YU Wenwen;WANG Yue;SHI Jiangao;WANG Lei;MIN Minghua(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2021年第1期93-103,共11页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31872611,31972844);泰山英才领军人才项目(2018RPNT-TSYC-001);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2019CY0304)。

摘　　要：为了保护海洋生态环境,减少遗弃的不可降解渔网造成的“白色污染”及“幽灵捕捞”的危害,研究开发环保可降解渔用材料已成为我国现代渔业可持续发展的重大问题之一。以可生物降解树脂聚乳酸(PLA)制成的刺网为研究对象,研究了PLA单丝的物理性能,并于2019年9月至10月在琅琊岛渔场通过捕捞实验,对比分析了PLA刺网和常规聚酰胺(PA)刺网的物理性能和捕捞效率。结果显示,可生物降解的PLA刺网对于梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的捕获量比PA刺网少75.0%,PLA刺网对于鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus)的捕获量比PA刺网多90.0%。PLA刺网的捕捞总量略低于PA刺网,PA刺网的捕捞效率比PLA刺网高约60.0%。PLA和PA刺网捕捞实验前后的拉伸力学性能结果表明,这两种刺网的网目断裂强力均明显降低。此外,与传统PA刺网相比,PLA网目破损程度更高,这是由于PLA单丝的韧性较差,缺少弹性以及柔性,断裂强度明显低于PA单丝,因此PLA刺网网目更容易断裂。显微镜照片显示,PA刺网一般从网目中间破损,而PLA刺网破损情况多发生在结节处。尽管PLA刺网捕捞效率不如PA刺网,但其在减少海上“幽灵捕捞”和塑料污染方面具有潜在优势。With the development of fishery economy,fishing gear materials,such as cotton,which are generally biodegradable,have been replaced by synthetic materials,such as polyethylene(PE),polypropylene and polyamide(PA),which are difficult to decompose.Synthetic fiber materials exhibit the advantages of high strength,wear resistance and corrosion resistance.Currently used fishing net materials can be classified into PA,PE and polyester,among which PA is the most commonly used and has been used for the longest time.However,fishing nets made from synthetic fibers,such as PA,are not able to degrade in marine environment for decades.When they are lost or abandoned at sea,they will continue to trap fish and other animals,becoming“ghost fishing”gears.Fish and other marine organisms trapped in the abandoned fishing nets will eventually die and become baits to lure other creatures,forming a vicious circle.To conserve the marine environment and mitigate the threats of“white pollution”and“ghost fishing”,the use of environment-friendly degradable materials instead of conventional materials has become one of the major innovations in the sustainable development of modern fisheries.In this study,we assessed the physical performance of monofilaments made from a biodegradable resin,polylactic acid(PLA),in the laboratory,and compared and analyzed the fishing efficiency of gill nets made of PLA monofilaments and conventional PA monofilaments in sea trials conducted on Langya Island from September to October 2019.Results showed that the biodegradable PLA gill net captured 75.0%less Portunus trituberculatus but 90.0%more Pneumatophorus japonicus than PA gill net.The total catch number by PLA gill net was slightly lower than that by PA gill net,and the fishing efficiency of PA gill net was approximately 60.0%higher than that of PLA gill net.Moreover,mechanical tensile tests showed that the mesh breaking strength of the two gill nets was both significantly reduced after the fishing operation.In addition,PLA meshes were more vulnera

关 键 词：降解 刺网 聚乳酸 聚酰胺 单丝 物理性能 捕捞效率 渔具材料 

分 类 号：S972.3[农业科学—捕捞与储运]