简帛医书“却”字考释与相关医籍校读  

Explanation on"Que(却)"in the Bamboo and Silk Medical Manuscripts and Rectification and Clarification of Relevant Medical Literature

作　　者：杨明明 宁静 YANG Mingming;NING Jing(School of Chinese Culture Studies,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing China 100029)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学国学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中医学报》2021年第3期665-670,共6页Acta Chinese Medicine

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(18YJC770039,18YJC740068);北京中医药大学基本科研业务费资助项目(2017-JYB-JS-152);北京中医药大学科研创新团队项目(2019-JYB-TD017)。

摘　　要：简帛医书中有"却"字,与《灵枢·经脉》对读可知其所指部位与"腘"相对应,即膝后弯曲处。该"却"字在《素问》中作"郄",凡13见,皆指"郄中"而言,为膝后腘窝处,亦称"腘中""委中"。通过对"郄""却"形音义及其文献用例详细考察可知,"郄中"之"郄"当为"却"之讹写,而膝后弯曲处正为"却"之本义,故"却"引申有却曲义,引申有退却义,后作为连词亦有转折义。"脚"为"却"之后起字,在早期医籍中仍保留,有指膝后弯曲处或膝关节处的用例。由于"胠"字与"[月谷](却之异体)"形音相近,医籍中也有相混之例需加以辨析。另后世医籍中"郄中"之"郄"多见写作"郗"者,亦当为"却"之俗写体"[郗]"的一种讹体。The character"Que(却)"mentioned in the bambuoo and silk medical manuscripts refer to the parts of bending part poster kneel which response of the part"Guo(腘)"instructed by contrasting read the book of Maijing of Lingshu.The character"Que(却)"used as"Xi(郄)"in the book of Suwen emerged 13 times,and all of them referred to"Xizhong(郄中)",meaning the part of popliteal space of poster knee,so it also named as"Guozhong(腘中)"and"Weizhong(委中)".On the basis of scrutinizing the forms,pronunciation,meaning and cases emerged in relevant literatures between"Xi(郄)"and"Que(却)",the results indicated that the character"Xi(郄)"from"Xizhong(郄中)"is a miswriting form of"Que(却)",and the bending part poster knee is the original meaning of"Que(却)",so the character also derived as bending or retreat and withdraw,latterly it also acted as conjunction with adversative meaning."Jiao(脚)"is a character emerged after"Que(却)".There are some cases in medical books in early historical period still retained the meaning of bending part poster knee or knee joint.Due to the similar writing form and pronunciation of"Qu(胠)"and"Que(allosome of Que)",there are some confusion cases emerged in medical books,which should be clarified.In addition,the character"Xi(郄)"from"Xizhong(郄中)"mostly written in the form of"Chi(郗)",moreover it have been treated as a miswriting form of"Que(郗)"which is an informal writing character of"Que(却)".

关 键 词：《素问》 简帛医书 郄 却 脚 

分 类 号：R222.12[医药卫生—中医基础理论]