刑事法官指引机制研究——以人民陪审员制度改革为背景  

Research on Criminal Jury Instructions:On the Background of the People’s Assessor System Reform

作　　者：吴宏耀[1,2] 古锦平 WU Hongyao;GU Jinping(不详)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学 [2]中国政法大学国家法律援助研究院 [3]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2021年第1期129-146,共18页Business and Economic Law Review

摘　　要：《人民陪审员法》第20条首次从法律层面规定了法官对人民陪审员的指引、提示义务。法官对陪审员的指引制度,源于普通法系陪审团制度传统,对于弥补陪审员法律知识的不足、保障裁判结果的公正性具有重要意义。在我国司法实践中,习惯通过培训的方式解决陪审员法律知识匮乏的问题。但是,以培训的方式弥补人民陪审员法律知识的不足具有很大的局限性,而且可能会产生一些负面影响。随着人民陪审员制度改革的不断深入,人民陪审员培训制度的局限也愈发明显。因此,在新的制度背景下,法官指引对于确保人民陪审员审判的公正高效运作将发挥更为重要的作用。不过,境外的司法实践表明,如果法官指引不当,错误的指引可能会影响裁判的公正性。因此,在我国人民陪审员制度改革中,应当强化法官指引的作用,尽快构建一套完善的法官指引规范和运作机制。The Law on People’s Assessors is the first time to stipulate the duty of judges to instruct the assessors in the law.The duty of instructions originates from jury instructions in common law system,which is of great significance to make up the shortage of lay judges’lack of legal knowledge and to guarantee the impartiality of verdicts.In China,training is the main way in face of the problem.However,training have limitations and may bring some negative effects.With the development of the reform of people’s assessor system,the limitations of training will become a problem.In the background of the reform,as another important way to make up the shortage that assessors lack legal knowledge,it is foreseeable that the role of instructions of judges will become more and more important.But we need to pay attention to the risk that if lay judges are given improper instructions,the impartiality of the judgement is not warrantable,which is not uncommon in some countries.Therefore,it is necessary and urgent to highlight and regulate the instructions of judges in the reform of people’s assessor system.

关 键 词：人民陪审员制度改革 陪审团制度 法官指引 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学] D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]