流体运动估计光流算法研究综述  

Review of optical flow algorithms in fluid motion estimation

作　　者：邵绪强[1] 杨艳 刘艺林 Shao Xuqiang;Yang Yan;Liu Yilin(School of Control and Computer Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,保定071003

出　　处：《中国图象图形学报》2021年第2期355-367,共13页Journal of Image and Graphics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61502168);北京市自然科学基金项目(4182018)。

摘　　要：对流体图像序列进行运动分析一直是流体力学、医学和计算机视觉等领域的重要研究课题。从图像对中提取的密集精确的速度矢量场能够为许多领域提供有价值的信息,基于光流法的流体运动估计技术因其独特的优势成为一个有前途的方向。光流法可以获得具有较高分辨率的密集速度矢量场,在小尺度精细结构的测量上有所改进,弥补了基于相关分析法的粒子图像测速技术的不足。此外,光流方法还可以方便的引入各种物理约束,获得较为符合流体运动特性的运动估计结果。为了全面反映基于光流法的流体运动估计算法的研究进展,本文在广泛调研相关文献的基础上,对国内外具有代表性的论文进行了系统阐述。首先介绍了光流法的基本原理,然后将现有算法按照要解决的突出问题进行分类:结合流体力学知识的能量最小化函数,提高对光照变化的鲁棒性,大位移估计和消除异常值。对每类方法,从问题解决过程的角度予以介绍,分析了各类突出问题中现有算法的特点和局限性。最后,总结分析了流体运动估计技术当前面临的问题和挑战,并对未来基于光流法的运动估计算法的研究方向和研究重点进行了展望。The motion analysis of fluid image sequences has been an important research topic in the fields of fluid mechanics,medicine,and computer vision.The dense and accurate velocity vector field extracted from image pairs can provide valuable information for these fields.For example,in the field of fluid mechanics,the velocity vector field can be used to calculate the divergence and curl fields of fluid;in the field of meteorology,the analysis of the velocity vector field can be used to provide weather forecast;in the field of medicine,the velocity vector field is applied to match medical images.In recent years,fluid motion estimation technology based on an optical flow method has become a promising direction in this subject due to its unique advantages.Compared with particle image velocimetry based on a correlation method,an optical flow method can obtain a denser velocity field and can estimate the motion of a scalar image and not just a particle image.In addition,an optical flow method can easily introduce various physical constraints in accordance with the motion characteristics of the fluid and obtain more accurate motion estimation results.In accordance with the basic principles of an optical flow method,this paper reviews a fluid motion estimation algorithm based on an optical flow method.Referring to a large number of domestic and foreign studies,existing algorithms are classified in accordance with outstanding problems to be solved:combining the energy minimization function with the knowledge of fluid mechanics,improving robustness to illumination changes,estimating large displacements,and eliminating outliers.Combining the minimization function with the knowledge of fluid mechanics introduces various physical constraints for improving the energy minimization function,providing physically meaningful data items and regularization terms,and improving the accuracy of fluid motion estimation results.Algorithms for improving robustness to illumination changes can be classified into four types:using a high-order con

关 键 词：流体运动估计 光流法 流体力学 光照变化 大位移估计 异常值检测 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]