非自愿性、非中立性与公共选择——兼论西方公共选择理论的逻辑缺陷  

Non-voluntariness,Non-neutrality and Public Choice:The Logical Defects of Western Public Choice Theory

作　　者：胡乐明 王杰[3,4] HU Leming;WANG Jie(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Science;School of Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;School of Business,Center for Northeast Asian Studies,Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学经济学院,100836 [3]山东大学商学院,264209 [4]山东大学东北亚研究中心

出　　处：《经济研究》2020年第12期182-199,共18页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20ZDA014);山东省社会科学规划项目(19CJJJ17)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：公共选择是国家治理不可缺少的行动设计和制度安排。西方国家经常发生的公共选择失灵反映出其公共选择理论与实践从假设前提、投票规则到投票过程都存在一定程度的缺陷,其中最根本的逻辑缺陷在于同质性偏好假设过于简化。通过重新界定公共选择理论的异质性偏好假设,可以发现公共物品存在另外两个重要属性——非自愿性和非中立性。基于新异质性偏好假设以及公共物品四维属性的理论框架,可以更好地诠释公共选择失灵。为了有效解决公共选择失灵,需要构建公共选择新机制,以最大限度地真实反映公众偏好,实现长期的帕累托最优和社会福利最大化。通过比对分析可以发现,中国的公共选择实践与本文构建的公共选择新机制具有很强的耦合性,体现出中国在国家治理体系和治理能力方面具有比较优势。Public choice is an indispensable action design and arrangement for national governance.Perfect conditions are difficult to satisfy,however,inevitably leading to public choice failures regarding public goods.Public choice is indispensable to public life and is vital to resource allocation and social welfare.It is therefore important to conduct a practical and theoretical exploration of the causes of public choice failures and to construct a new mechanism to rectify such failures.Western countries'frequent public choice failures indicate that there are some defects in their theory and practice of public choice.These defects include the hypothesis,voting rules,and voting process.The most fundamental logical defect is that the hypothesis of homogeneity preference is oversimplified.By developing a heterogeneous preference public choice hypothesis,we conclude that there are two other important attributes of public goods than those usually considered:non-voluntariness and non-neutrality.The theoretical framework based on the new heterogeneous preference hypothesis and the four-dimensional attributes of public goods can better explain failures of public choice.The western school of public choice understands the importance of improving social welfare through improvements of public choice rules.However,most western public choice literature merely improves the voting rules and makes other partial modifications within the framework of the prevailing public choice theory.They have therefore not found fundamentally effective ways to rectify public choice failure.To solve public choice failure effectively,it is necessary to build a new public choice mechanism.Such a mechanism should reflect public preference to the greatest extent while also realizing long-term Pareto optimality and social welfare maximization.Through comparative analysis,we find that the public choice mechanism practiced in China strongly correlates with the new mechanism of public choice constructed in this paper.This correlation shows that China has compara

关 键 词：国家治理 公共选择 公共物品 非自愿性 非中立性 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]