从《中国自然历史绘画·制漆图谱》探究广州十三行外销漆器制作工艺  

Exploring Craftsmanship of Export Lacquerwares in Guangzhou Thirteen Hongs Referring to Atlas of Paintings of Chinese Nature History: Lacquerwares

作　　者：程智 Cheng Zhi

机构地区：[1]广东文艺职业学院,广东广州511400

出　　处：《中国生漆》2020年第4期17-25,共9页Journal of Chinese Lacquer

基　　金：广东省传统漆艺工作站2018年度、2019年度项目:“漆彩远航”广州十三行博物馆漆艺研究与创作;广东文艺职业学院2018年度重点课题:基于产教研学融合的漆艺传承、创新、发展模式的研究与实践(项目编号:2018[GY-002])。

摘　　要：2012年10月2日,法国国家图书馆在线发布《中国自然历史绘画》16本图谱,其中一本"中国制漆图谱"真实记录了1830年—1849年之间中国漆树种植、生漆材料采集加工、漆器制作工序及流程,生动展示了那个年代的漆艺工匠是如何在家庭作坊制作漆器的。该图谱对研究这一时期的中国漆艺文化发展和探讨广州外销漆器,提供了非常重要的史证。广州在1830年—1842年期间,仍是唯一拥有"一口通商"特殊地位的外贸口岸。这一时期,广州及周边地区出产的漆器大量销往欧洲,被称为"广州十三行外销漆器"。由于对外贸易频繁,文化交流深入,无论在造型、制作品类还是描绘的题材上,都体现出了中西文化交融的强烈特色,明显有别于中国传统的漆器,在中国工艺美术漆艺史上举足轻重,堪称是一个时代标志。本文从"中国制漆图谱"入手,分析研究广州十三行博物馆的外销漆器藏品,模拟展现当年的制作工艺,进一步探究清代外销漆器艺术的发展状况及时代特征。French National Library issued a set of Atlas of Paintings of Chinese Nature History on Oct. 2,2012. Among these sixteen volumes is the Atlas of Chinese Lacquerwares, which records vividly the history of lacquer tree plantation, raw material collecting and processing, and the workmanship of lacquerwares between 1830 to 1849, revealing the handicraftsmen’s work in family workshop. The atlas provides magnificent proof in studying the development of Chinese lacquerware culture and the history of export lacquerwares in Guangzhou. During 1830—1842, Guangzhou had been " the Only Foreign Trade Port in China". During this period, a large number of lacquerwares had been exported to Europe from Guangzhou and her surrounding area, which is called Export Lacquerwares in Guangzhou Thirteen Hongs. Due to the busy dealing and cultural communication, these lacquerwares presented outstanding features of mixture of Sino-western culture, obviously different from Chinese traditional ones. It marked an era of its own in Chinese history of lacquerware craftsmanship. This article will study the collections of export lacquerwares in Guangzhou Thirteen Hongs Museum by referring to the Atlas of Chinese Lacquerwares, and explore the development and characteristics of export lacquerwares in Qing Dynasty through imitating and demonstrating the making process.

关 键 词：广州十三行外销漆器 中国制漆图谱 制作材料及工艺 分析研究 

分 类 号：TS959.3[轻工技术与工程]