宅基地使用权典权的法典化构造  

The System of Right to Use Homestead and Pawn Use Entered the Construction of Civil Code

作　　者：吴迪 王佳 Wu Di;Wang Jia(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102400,China;School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学,北京102400 [2]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《政法学刊》2020年第6期30-38,共9页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：中国社会科学院博士后创新项目“乡村振兴与农村土地权利体系构造研究”(ZBH20191045)。

摘　　要：2020年中央一号文件明确了宅基地“三权分置”下放活宅基地使用权流转的方略。结合用益和担保物权的特性以及土地权能分离的理论,引入典权制度,创新宅基地使用权的流转方式。典权制度特有的功能,能够契合我国用益物权的收益价值,弥补不动产质押的法律空白,不仅保障了宅基地使用权流转中融资的安全性和自然资源配置的合理化,同时突破现有宅基地流转中僵化封闭的“身份”障碍,拓宽流转渠道。典权制度的法律建构,要在典权主体扩张性和登记对抗的生效要件和存续期间等基本形式予以现代化改造,并重点完善了宅基地“绝卖”制度,从典价的增减请求、出典后的损失分配、“绝卖不绝”以及宽限期等角度,保证了农户的权益和国家土地公有制不受损害。The No.1 document of the Central Committee of 2020 clarified the strategy for the transfer of the right to use homesteads under the"three rights separation"of homesteads.Combining the characteristics of usufruct and secured real rights and the theory of separation of land rights and abilities,the pawning rights system is introduced to innovate the transfer method of homestead use rights.The peculiar function of the pawning right system can fit the income value of usufructuary rights in China and fill up the legal gap of real estate pledge.It not only ensures the safety of financing in the circulation of homestead use rights and the rationalization of natural resource allocation,but also breaks through the existing homestead.The rigid and closed"identity"barriers in circulation broaden the circulation channels.The legal construction of the pawning rights system should be modernized in the basic forms such as the expansion of the main body of the pawning rights and the effective requirements and the duration of the registration confrontation,and the focus has been on the improvement of the homestead“sale”system.The distribution of losses after the issuance of the law,the"unstoppable sale",and the grace period ensure that the rights and interests of farmers and the state's public ownership of land are not harmed.

关 键 词：典权 宅基地 典价 绝卖 

分 类 号：DF5[政治法律—民商法学]