略论北朝陵寝制度的发展阶段  

On the Development Stages of the Mausoleum System of the Northern Dynasties

作　　者：付龙腾 Fu Longteng

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《考古与文物》2021年第1期113-121,共9页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"多卷本《中国古代陵寝制度史》"(项目编号:17ZDA216)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：北朝陵寝制度发展最初阶段以金陵制度为代表,其特征是以拓跋鲜卑丧葬礼俗为主,兼采部分华夏文明丧葬制度。方山永固陵则对上述两者进行了初步整合,开始了北魏陵寝的创制阶段。洛阳模式,则达到了以华夏陵寝制度为模板,创立本朝陵寝规制的融合程度。东魏、北齐主要是对洛阳模式的继承和发展,西魏、北周则从关中地域文化出发,补充了若干新因素。同时,随着皇权逐步排除原始部族残留因素的制约,北朝陵寝制度也在上述发展过程中逐步建构皇权主导下的丧葬等级体系。The earliest stage of the mausoleum system in the Northern Dynasties is represented by the Jinling model,which was primarily originated from the funeral practice of the Tuoba Xianbei group together with the assimilation of some funeral system from Huaxia funeral system.The layout of the Yonggu mausoleum represented the later attempts of further integrating the two systems from two different cultures,and thus created new practice of the mausoleum system in the Northern Dynasties.During the Luoyang era,a new system that was based primarily on the mausoleum system of the Huaxia and characterized by its ‘hybrid’ nature was created.Following such practice,the mausoleum system of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty also added some new elements derived from the local tradition in the Guanzhong region.In addition,the author suggests that the hierarchical system dominated by the imperial power,which also characterize the mausoleum system of the Northern Dynasties,gradually took shape alongside the development mentioned above.

关 键 词：北朝 陵寝制度 洛阳模式 陵园建筑 陵区布局 等级标识 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K239.2[历史地理—历史学]