探索碳笼分子家族:富勒烯的结构模型构建策略  

Exploring the Family of Carbon Cage Molecules:Strategies of Building Structural Models for Fullerenes

作　　者：徐守兵[1] XU Shou-Bing(Jinling Senior High School,Nanjing 210005,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市金陵中学,江苏南京210005

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2021年第5期89-96,共8页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：南京市教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度立项课题“基于提升学生化学核心素养的高中化学竞赛教学实践研究”(L/2018/394)

摘　　要：以发现C60球笼结构的史实阐述结构模型的制作对探索物质结构奥秘的重要性。以科学家对富勒烯形成机制的探索佐证多角度构建结构模型的合理性,举例介绍搭建C60球棍模型3种方法的操作步骤。探讨一组有结构关联性C60+10n碳笼分子结构模型构建的思维方法,举例介绍搭建代表分子C70,C80球棍模型的操作步骤。探讨一组有高度对称性的富勒烯结构模型构建的思维方法,举例介绍搭建大直径、高对称富勒烯C720球棍模型的操作步骤。结合《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》和教学实践探讨结构模型构建在化学教学中的作用,为富勒烯结构模型的自主构建教学提供范例。This article elucidates the importance of model construction in exploring the structural properties of molecules,using the historical example of the discovery of the"buckyball"structure of C60.Three existing methods of constructing the 3 D ball-and-stick model of C60 are introduced and rationalized by the scientists’mechanistic exploration of the formation of fullerenes.This article also introduces thought processes in building the carbon cage molecules of the same structural family with the general molecular formula of C60+10n;exemplifications are drawn from the construction method of C70 and C80 ball-and-stick models.Furthermore,this discussion is extended to structural models of fullerenes with even higher molecular symmetry.The method of building the model of C720,which has a particularly large radius and high symmetry,is included here.Combining the"General High School Chemistry Curriculum Standards(2017 version)"and the author’s teaching practice,this article discusses the role of structural model construction in chemistry and provides a paradigm for instructions in students’independent construction of fullerene structural models.

关 键 词：富勒烯 C60 C70 碳纳米管 碳笼 模型 

分 类 号：G633.8[文化科学—教育学]