临哈铁路典型防沙工程区阻风效率与积沙量特征  

Distribution characteristics of wind resistance efficiency and sand accumulation quantity at typical sand control engineering area of Linhe-Hami Railway

作　　者：韩庆杰 郝才元 张宏杰 屈建军 周福成 Han Qingjie;Hao Caiyuan;Zhang Hongjie;Qu Jianjun;Zhou Fucheng(Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification/Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecology and Environment Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;China Railway Hohhot Group Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010057,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室/敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国铁路呼和浩特局集团有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010057

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2021年第1期37-46,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771010,41977416,41730644);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划“西部青年学者”项目;中国铁路呼和浩特局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(HTJ-GW-2018-59)。

摘　　要：为掌握临哈铁路沿线风沙防护措施的防护效果,优化布设方案,选择临哈铁路K217、K585、K745及其支线天策线K16典型防沙工程区,采用样带同步观测法和测钎法,测定了每个区域的阻风效率和积沙量特征。结果表明:由铁路外侧向内侧,防沙工程对风的抑制效应逐渐增强。1.5 m高沙障积沙带、2.5 m深路堑、10 m和16 m高路堤导致风速增减的幅度分别为114%—69%、44%、160%—24%和190%—75%。网格防护区比阻沙栅栏防护区在1 m高度处的平均抑风效应更强,网格的高度和边长越大,其抑风效应越强。在严重沙害路段,大部分沙粒堆积在迎风侧中部的0.5 m网格内,在轻微沙害路段1.5 m阻沙栅栏处积沙量最大。因此建议在沙障配置中,中等和严重沙害路段以0.5 m高防沙网格为主,特别是在上风向沙源丰富的戈壁地区;在轻微沙害路段以多道1.5 m阻沙栅栏为主,网格措施为辅。In order to grasping the protective effect of all kinds of wind-sand protection measures along Linhe-Hami Railway,and optimizing the layout project,the typical sand control engineering areas of the Tiance line K16 and K217,K585,K745 along the Linhe-Hami Railway were selected.The sample belt synchronous observation method and the brazing method were used to measure the wind resistance efficiency and the spatial and temporal distribution of sediment accumulation in each area.The results show that the restraining effect of the sand control engineering on the wind is gradually enhanced from the outside to the inside of the railway,and the amplitude of wind speed increase or decrease is 114%-69%,44%,160%-24%and 190%-75%respectively at the sand barrier sand zone of 1.5 m high,cutting of the 2.5 m deep,embankment of 10 m and 16 m high.The wind suppression effect was stronger in the grid protected area than in the sand barrier protected area at the height of 1 m,and the higher the height and side length of the grid,the stronger the wind inhibition effect.In the section with severe sand damage,most of the sand grains were deposited in the 0.5 m grid in the middle of the windward side,and the sand accumulation was the largest at the 1.5 m sand barrier of the section with slight sand damage.Therefore,it is suggested that in the configuration of sand barriers,the medium and severe sand damage sections should be dominated by 0.5 m high sand prevention grid,especially in the Gobi area with abundant sand sources at upwind.the light sand damage section should be dominated by multiple 1.5 m sand barriers,and supplemented by grid measures.

关 键 词：防沙工程 流场 阻风效率 积沙量 临哈铁路 

分 类 号：X169[环境科学与工程—环境科学]