呼伦贝尔草原采煤沉陷对土壤-植物系统的影响及评价  

Evaluation of Effects of Coal Mining Subsidence on Soil-Plant System in Hulunbuir Prairie

作　　者：韩煜[1] 肖能文[1] 赵伟 史娜娜[1] 王琦[1] 高晓奇[1] 郭志强 温建忠 全占军[1] HAN Yu;XIAO Nengwen;ZHAO Wei;SHI Nana;WANG Qi;GAO Xiaoqi;GUO Zhiqiang;WEN Jianzhong;QUAN Zhanjun(State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Beijing Urban Rapid Transit Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100027,China;Mindong No.1 Mine of Guoshen Company,China Energy Group,Hulunbuir 021100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [2]北京城市快轨建设管理有限公司,北京100027 [3]国家能源集团国神公司敏东一矿,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021100

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2021年第3期687-697,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFC0501101-3);神华集团公司科技创新项目;生态环境部生物多样性调查与评估项目(No.2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：为研究采煤沉陷对土壤-植物系统的影响,以呼伦贝尔草原煤矿为研究对象,通过在沉陷区与对照区不同坡位〔坡顶(地表沉陷边界附近)、坡中(沉陷边缘区)、坡底(沉陷中心区)〕设置样地进行土壤性质和植物群落的调查测试,对比分析沉陷干扰下土壤水分和养分、植物物种组成以及群落结构的变化,研究土壤性质与植物群落特征之间的关系,并对沉陷区和对照区土壤-植物系统进行综合评价.结果表明:①采煤沉陷后,沉陷区土壤体积含水量(简称“土壤含水量”)较对照区下降了4.8%(P<0.05),坡中土壤水分损失最严重,比对照区同一坡位减少了8.4%(P<0.05).沉陷区0~60 cm土壤TN(全氮)、TP(全磷)、OM(有机质)和AK(速效钾)含量平均值分别比对照区下降了17.8%、28.9%、38.0%和46.5%(P<0.05),坡中和坡底土壤养分流失明显,TN含量在坡中比对照区相同坡位下降了29.7%(P<0.05),OM、AK含量在坡底减少了54.1%、64.1%(P<0.05).②沉陷区植物种类比对照区减少了28.6%~37.0%,原有优势种羊草(Leymus chinensis)、贝加尔针茅(Stipa Baicalensis)的重要值下降,而双齿葱(Allium bidentatum)、寸草苔(Carex duriuscula)等旱生植物种类和数量增多,植物群落发生退化,群落Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数明显低于对照区(P<0.05).③通过冗余分析可知,土壤性质与群落多样性指数相关性显著(P<0.05),其中TP、TN、OM和AK含量与多样性指数的相关系数均大于0.5(P<0.05),TN含量是影响群落多样性的关键因子.④利用因子分析法对土壤-植物系统进行综合评价,显示沉陷区各样地土壤-植物系统与对照区相比呈退化状态,不同坡位的退化程度表现为坡中>坡顶>坡底.研究显示,受沉陷干扰影响,土壤水分和养分发生损失,群落物种多样性下降,土壤-植物系统退化趋势明显,坡中部位(沉陷边缘区)退化最严重.Based on the investigation of soil properties and plant community characteristics in the subsidence and non-subsidence areas of coal mine in the Hulunbuir Prairie,the changes in soil water content,soil nutrients,community composition and diversity were analyzed.The relationship between soil properties and community diversity was studied,and the soil-plant system was evaluated using a factor analysis method.The results showed that:(1)Soil water content decreased by 4.8%in the subsidence area(P<0.05).The soil water content significantly decreased by 8.4%in the middle of the subsidence slope compared with the same slope in the control area(P<0.05).The average content of soil total potassium,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,organic matter and available potassium in 0-60 cm soil decreased by 17.8%,28.9%,38.0%and 46.5%,respectively,due to the subsidence(P<0.05).There was significant loss of soil nutrients in the middle and lower slopes,the content of soil total nitrogen decreased by 29.7%in the middle slope,and the content of soil organic matter and soil available potassium decreased by 54.1%and 64.1%,respectively(P<0.05).(2)The plant species declined by 28.6%-37.0%compared with that in the control area.The importance value of the original dominant species Leymus chinensis and Stipa baicalensis decreased,while the species and number of xerophytes such as Allium bidentatum and Carex duriuscula increased and the plant community degraded in the subsidence area.The community Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index were significantly lower than those in the control area(P<0.05).(3)There was a significant correlation between soil properties and species diversity indices.The correlation coefficients between total phosphorus,total nitrogen,organic matter,and available potassium and species diversity indices were higher than 0.5(P<0.05).Soil total nitrogen was a key factor affecting community diversity.(4)The soil-plant system of each sample plot in the subsidence area was degraded compared with that of the control

关 键 词：呼伦贝尔草原 采煤沉陷 土壤性质 群落多样性 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S157[农业科学—土壤学]