“图像时代”与文化权力的大众化  

The Age of Image and the Popularization of Cultural Power

作　　者：李应志[1] LI Yingzhi

机构地区：[1]西南大学文学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期161-174,229,230,共16页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“马舍雷‘文学哲学’与西方马克思主义文论的‘后学’转向”(18BZW013),项目负责人:李应志。

摘　　要：当前对视觉文化和图像转向的研究,除了哲学和艺术学角度之外,还包括文化研究这一重要视角。但西方文化研究传统对大众文化的批判的主要着眼点,在于文化工业和统治意识形态对大众的控制,这种控制进而影响到国内学者对视觉文化的批判。这种批判立场对视觉图像在阐释方面关注不足,忽视了视觉文化和图像转向在文化权力方面之于现代大众社会所具有的积极意义。在过去以“文字-阅读”为主的文化模式中,文化生产权力和阐释权力都掌握在特定的文化精英手里,而现代媒介技术支撑的视觉文化则改变了这一状况,不仅图像的生产和消费突破了精英群体的限制,更重要的是因为图像理解的直观性、丰富的层次性和多元的可能性,使各种不同文化处境的受众都可以获得各自有效的图像阐释,也使受众在一定程度上不再依赖精英化的权威阐释,得以可能摆脱统治意识形态的规训。据此,向“图像-观看”这一文化模式转换的过程也就可以看成是一个文化权力的大众化过程。中国有自己特殊的国情,但也同样处在视觉文化和图像生产十分发达的时代,对“图像时代”与文化权力大众化的探讨具有一定现实意义。In addition toperspectives of philosophy and art,with the pictorial turn of research,the visual culture could also be studied from the perspective of cultural studies.However,the traditional criticism of mass culture by western cultural scholars mainly focus on the masscontrolling by cultural industry and dominant ideology,which strongly affects the Chinese scholars’criticism of visual culture.This critical position pays less attention to the interpretation of visual images,and ignores the positive significance of Visual Culture and Image Turn in the field of cultural power in modern mass society.In the past,the power of cultural interpretation and culture production was hold by specific cultural elites through the cultural mode of“text-reading”.However,situation has changed since the emergence of Visual Culture with modern media technology.Image production and consumption have not only broken the limit of elites,but also enables the audience in different cultural situations to produce their own effective image interpretation,owe to the intuitiveness,rich levels and multiple possibilities of image understanding.Mass audience no longer rely on the authoritative interpretation of elite wholly,thus they can escape the discipline of the ruling ideology to some extent.Therefore,the transformation of cultural mode from“text-reading”to“image-viewing”can be understood as a process of popularization of cultural power.China has its own specific social characteristics,but it is also staying in an era of visual culture and image production.The discussion on this situation and the popularization of cultural power thus could still get its practical significance.

关 键 词：图像文化 视觉文化 文化权力 大众化 精英文化 图文差异 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学] J205[艺术—美术]