某高校食堂发生火灾时人员安全疏散模拟  

Study on the safe evacuation of people under fire conditions in a college canteen

作　　者：丁元春[1] 刘星星 李文建 李琦 DING Yuanchun;LIU Xingxing;LI Wenjian;LI Qi(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《江西理工大学学报》2021年第1期74-79,共6页Journal of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20161BAB206146);江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ170502)。

摘　　要：为了缓解高校食堂发生火灾时在人员疏散过程中出现严重拥堵的现象,论文以合肥某高校食堂为研究对象,运用Pathfinder软件模拟该食堂发生紧急情况时人员疏散。首先对该食堂实际情况进行模拟,判断其疏散时间不符合安全疏散标准:可用安全疏散时间(tASET)>必须安全疏散时间(tRSET)。接着为了使食堂的人员均能安全疏散,对食堂结构和人员分布进行调整:①改变出口宽度;②改变人员分布;③增加一部室外楼梯,并且对改变后的食堂疏散情况进行分析,最终得出:调整一层与二层人数比为6∶4,将出口扩大至250 cm,并在二层南侧增加一部室外楼梯使食堂内所有人员均能安全疏散。In order to alleviate the serious congestion during fire evacuation at a college cafeteria,the paper takes a university cafeteria in Hefei as a research subject and uses the software Pathfinder to simulate the emergency evacuation for people in the dining hall.Firstly,a simulation based on the actual situation of the cafeteria was conducted which led to the conclusion that the evacuation time did not meet the criteria of safe evacuation:Available Safe Evacuation Time(tRSET)>Required Safe Evacuation Time(tRSET).Secondly,to ensure the safe evacuation of everyone in the cafeteria,the structure of the canteen and the distribution of people were adjusted:①the width of the exit was expanded;②the distribution of people was changed;③an outdoor staircase was added.Finally,after analyzing the evacuation situation of the adjusted cafeteria,it is concluded that:the ratio of people in the first floor to the second floor was adjusted to 6∶4,the exit was expanded to 250 cm,and an outdoor staircase was added to the south side of the second floor.These adjustments secure emergency evacuation for all.

关 键 词：高校食堂 人员疏散 数值模拟 PATHFINDER 

分 类 号：X959[环境科学与工程—安全科学]