智能烘储一体化装备对储藏小麦质量安全与品质影响  

Effects of Intelligent Drying and Storage Equipment on the Quality Safety of Wheat During Storage

作　　者：张娜娜 张守梅 张银平[2] 刘元义 刁培松[2] 刘开昌[1] 郭玉秋[1] 龚魁杰[1] ZHANG Nana;ZHANG Shoumei;ZHANG Yinping;LIU Yuanyi;DIAO Peisong;LIU Kaichang;GUO Yuqiu;GONG Kuijie(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ji’nan 250100,China;School of Agricultural and Food Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《食品科技》2021年第2期142-150,共9页Food Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300605);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ012);山东省农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CXGC2018E01);山东省“渤海粮仓”科技示范工程项目(2019BHLC003);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010722)。

摘　　要：为研究智能烘储一体设备对小麦储藏期间表面的优势真菌、呕吐毒素积累和储藏加工品质的影响,以传统马路晾晒后袋装仓储方法为对照,分别在小麦收获时、储藏0、30、60、90、120、150、180 d取样,分离表面携带的优势真菌并分析呕吐毒素积累情况,测定水分、千粒重、蛋白质、湿面筋含量、降落值和黏度值等品质指标。从实验各组的小麦表面共分离出617株优势真菌,经鉴定隶属于曲霉属黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger),青霉属草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum),镰孢属尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、变红镰刀菌(Fusarium incarnatum)和轮枝镰刀菌(Fusrium verticillioides),交链孢属链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)。采用烘储一体设备烘干储藏能够维持小麦含水量在11.7%~12.8%的安全储藏范围,有效控制表面真菌的生长,储藏180 d呕吐毒素的积累比传统晾晒储藏降低22%,小麦籽粒饱满度高。除降落值差异不显著外,千粒重、蛋白质和湿面筋含量、黏度特性显著高于马路晾晒后传统储藏的小麦。采用智能烘储一体化设备烘干储藏小麦比采用传统晾晒储藏方式更能有效地控制表面真菌生长、减少呕吐毒素积累,并维持小麦更好的加工储藏品质。For the study on the effects of intelligent drying and storage equipment on the surface contaminated fungi,accumulation of deoxynivalenol and processing quality of wheat,we sampled at 0,30,60,90,120,150 and 180 days after wheat harvest to separate surface contaminated dominant fungi,test content of deoxynivalenol and the processing quality such as moisture content,thousand kernel weight,protein content,wet-gluten content,falling value and viscosity value,compared with traditional storage after road drying.A total of 597 strains of dominant fungi were isolated from the surface of mechanical storage and conventional storage wheat.They were identified as belonging to Aspergillusflavus,Aspergillus Niger,Penicillium oxalicum,Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium incarnatum,Fusrium verticillioides and Alternaria alternate.Wheat moisture content could be held on 11.7%~12.8%within safe limit.The growth fungi could be effectively controlled,and the content of dexynivalenol accumulated 22%lower than conventional storage by mechanical storage at 180 days.With the storage by mechanical,the wheat had higher grain fullness,thousand kernel weight,protein content,wet-gluten content and viscosity value,except falling value.The storage of wheat with integrated intelligent drying and storage equipment is more effective than that with traditional storage method in controlling fungal contamination on the surface,reducing the accumulation of deoxynivalenol and maintaining better processing quality.

关 键 词：智能烘储设备 小麦储藏 真菌分离鉴定 呕吐毒素检测 品质分析 

分 类 号：TS210.3[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]