基于卡尔曼滤波的降雨起止时间手机远程监测装置研制  

Design of mobile phone remote monitoring device for the initiation and termination time of rainfall based on Kalman filter

作　　者：周平[1,2] 杨启良 李加念[1] 杨具瑞[1] 韩焕豪[1] 刘小刚 熊凯[1] Zhou Ping;Yang Qiliang;Li Jianian;Yang Jurui;Han Huanhao;Liu Xiaogang;Xiong Kai(Faculty of Agriculture and Food,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Sichuan Sanhe College of Professionals,Luzhou 646200,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学农业与食品学院,昆明650500 [2]四川三河职业学院,泸州646200

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第2期196-208,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51509121、51979134)。

摘　　要：为解决设施农业的降雨监测系统难以精准检测降雨起止信号的问题,研制了一种降雨起止时间远程监测装置。该装置主要由雨水感应模块、雨水检测电路、单片机、通用分组无线电系统数据传输单元模块(General Packet Radio System Data Transmission Unit,GPRS DTU)、串口通信电路和手机端APP组成。通过自行设计的雨水感应模块检测降雨过程,利用卡尔曼滤波器降低雨水检测信号的电阻热噪声干扰,根据滤波后的信号差值建立降雨起止信号判别模型,判定的降雨起止信号经通用分组无线电系统(General Packet Radio System,GPRS)远程无线传输至云服务器,并以云服务器的同步时间作为基准时间,实现了手机远程监测降雨起止时间。开展装置性能测试试验,研究其稳定性、准确性与可靠性,结果表明:1)降雨起止信号判别模型的判别周期取10 s最优;2)室内测试时的降雨起止信号错报率为1.2%,手机接收成功率为100%;3)雨水感应模块的导线末端间距为2 mm、基板间夹角为120°是能检测小雨及以上等级的最优参数组合。将装置安装于开阔的楼顶天台开展实测验证试验,结果表明:装置对降雨开始与停止时间的检测误差范围分别为7~34、9~29 s,室外仅出现1次错报,信号错报率为5.9%,符合对自然降雨过程的检测要求。该装置能远程监测降雨起止时间,可为今后进一步研究农业智能感雨监测系统提供技术支持和理论依据。The initiation and termination time of rainfall occurrences were essential to the rainfall process.In this study,a novel remote monitoring device was designed to accurately detect the termination time of a rainfall in the facility agriculture.This device was mainly composed of the rain sensing module,rain detection circuit,Arduino UNO microcontroller,GPRS DTU module,a serial communication circuit,antenna,and mobile phone application.A total of 16 flumes were evenly spaced parallel on the upper surfaces of two substrates in the rain sensing module.Two HDPE wires were embedded in the flumes to ensure that the wires were separated from each other without connecting.The rain contacted the two wires when the rainfall initialized,where the resistance value between the wires decreased rapidly.When the rainfall terminated,the water on the substrates surface drained from the flumes,where the resistance value between the wires increased gradually.The rain detection circuit converted the changes in resistance values between the wires into the changes in voltage values,then output the rain detection signals.The rainfall process was detected simultaneously through 3 rain sensing modules with the same specification.3 Kalman filters were selected to simultaneously optimize the process,after reading the rain detection signals by Arduino UNO.A discriminant model was used to determine the initiation and termination signals of rainfall.The detected signals of rainfall were transmitted to the GPRS DUT module through the serial communication circuit,then to the cloud server for storage.A reference time of rainfall was set according to the storage time of signals in the server and the device system.The mobile phone was applied to receive and view the initiation and termination time of rainfall in the period.The test factors were selected,including the rainfall intensity,the distance between the ends of wires,the angle between substrates,and the discrimination period of the discriminant model,in order to determine the optimal parameter

关 键 词：卡尔曼滤波 传感器 手机 降雨 起止时间 远程监测 

分 类 号：TP212.6[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]