论情态证据的刑事证据资格  

On the Criminal Evidence Competency of Demeanor Evidence

作　　者：张梦星[1,2] ZHANG Mengxing

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学侦查学院,北京100038 [2]中国人民公安大学现代侦查技战法研究中心,北京100038

出　　处：《公安学研究》2020年第6期67-86,123,共21页Journal of Public Security Science

基　　金：中国人民公安大学2020年度基本科研业务费项目“庭审实质化背景下情态证据的证据资格研究”(2020JKF315)。

摘　　要：情态观察以及从观察中获取的情态证据,在与人类历史共同演进的司法活动中扮演着重要角色,但是在当代刑事司法实践中却呈现出"有实无名"的现实割裂,分歧的核心在于是否应当认可情态事实的证据资格,并以此作为刑事诉讼的证据类型予以展开。建立于科学基础上的情态事实及依循技术手段演化而形成的证据,是指为证明相关案件事实,由专业人员凭借专业的分析仪器,对在自律神经支配下不受主观意志控制的人体整体外在生理表达进行的采集和解读所形成的结论性意见。通过重塑情态证据的定义及对其证据资格进行解构,可以肯定情态观察和情态事实在证据效力上具有客观性、关联性和准确性,在贯彻"自愿倾诉""禁止强迫交流""无接触""有限时长"等规则对其进行规范和约束的基础上,以鉴定意见或新的证据种类等形式赋予其法律效力,情态事实应当获得法定的刑事证据资格。Despite an important role in human judicial activities,demeanor evidence has never been qualified as evidence in contemporary judicial practice.Demeanor evidence refers to the conclusion professionals draw by collecting and analyzing the external physiological expression( uncontrolled by subjective will) of a human under the control of autonomic nerves,so as to justify the facts of relevant cases.By redefining the developing definition of demeanor evidence and deconstructing its qualifications for evidence,the objectivity,relevance and high accuracy of contemporary modal evidence can be proved.Demeanor evidence should be qualified as criminal evidence when its legal validity takes the form of expert opinions or new types of evidence,by such rules as "voluntary confession","no forced communication","no contact"and "limited duration".

关 键 词：情态证据 证据资格 证据形式 证明力 

分 类 号：D915.33[政治法律—诉讼法学]