鲁迅文学创作中的死亡意识  

On the Consciousness of Death in Lu Xun’s Literary Creation

作　　者：侯敏[1] 于千尧 HOU Min;YU Qianyao(College of Liberal Arts,Liaoning University,Shenyang Liaoning 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学文学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2021年第2期39-44,共6页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究青年项目“中国左翼文学思想演进与俄苏话语资源”,项目编号:LQN202035;辽宁省社科基金项目“中国左翼文学对高尔基接受之考辨研究”,项目编号:L20BZW006。

摘　　要：从鲁迅一生的文学创作来看,“死亡”是一个极其重要的关键词,它不仅是鲁迅个我的精神象征,也是其审视民族国家命运的重要命题。从死亡意识的缘起与流变来看,鲁迅由生活经历、生命体验生发出个体死亡意识,后经不断思考发展到对民族国家的清醒反观,最终在历史的阶段循环与对现实的怀疑中突围,获得了死亡的自觉与文学的自觉。这种自觉在其《呐喊》《彷徨》中的“死亡终点叙事”、《野草》中“死的悲凉”形而上玄想、杂文创作中直面死亡过程和死后状态等阐述中得以鲜明彰显。鲁迅对死亡命题的探索,不仅使其发现了“向死而生”生命哲学的本体论意义,而且成为其审视民族新生问题和现代中国生命观的重要依据。因此,考察“死亡”在鲁迅生命哲学中起到的丰富又驳杂的辩证作用,既有文学史价值,又有民族史意义。From the perspective of Lu Xun’s literary creation,“death”is an extremely important key word.It is not only the spiritual symbol of Lu Xun,but also an important proposition to examine the fate of a nation/state.From the origin and evolution of death consciousness,Lu Xun’s life history and life experience gave birth to individual consciousness of death.After constant thinking,Lu Xun developed a sober reflection on the circumstances of the nation/state.Finally,he broke through the cycle of history and doubt of reality,and obtained the consciousness of death and literature.This kind of self-consciousness can be clearly demonstrated in the narration of the end of death in his Cry and Hesitation,the metaphysical fantasy of“the desolation of death”in his Weeds,and the description of facing the death process and the state after death in his essay creation.Lu Xun’s exploration of the proposition of death not only made him discover the ontological significance of life philosophy of“living towards death”,but also became an important basis for him to examine the issue of national rebirth and modern Chinese outlook on life.Therefore,to investigate the rich and complex dialectical role played by“death”in Lu Xun’s life philosophy is of both literary and national history value.

关 键 词：鲁迅 文学创作 死亡意识 生命哲学 

分 类 号：I210.96[文学—中国文学]