集资诈骗罪“以非法占有为目的”要素的误识与匡正--兼评《最高人民法院关于审理非法集资刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第4条第2款  

Misunderstanding and Correction of the Elements of Illegal Possession for the Crime of Fundraising Fraud

作　　者：王晓滨[1] WANG Xiao-bin(Law School,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《河北法学》2021年第3期103-117,共15页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目《辽宁自贸区建设过程中金融安全的刑法保护问题研究》(WQN201729)。

摘　　要：长期以来,我国刑法理论通说与司法实务的观点将“以非法占有为目的”要素视为集资诈骗罪与非法吸收公众存款罪的本质区别,认为只要认定了行为人“以非法占有为目的”,集资诈骗罪的罪行即可分明。但是,人的目的是无法被外界直接感知的主观心理事实,倘若将目的要素视为集资诈骗罪成立之根本,恐怕会使集资诈骗罪的判断完全或基本建立在无法被证据证实的主观心理事实之上,因而极易导致集资诈骗罪认定的恣意性。集资诈骗罪与非法吸收公众存款罪的本质区别应当在于侵害法益(实质违法)的不同,基于“使用诈骗方法非法集资”要素在推定集资诈骗罪违法性方面的重要作用,加之其具有客观性和可认知性的特征,理应以该要素为认定集资诈骗罪,以及区分集资诈骗罪与非法吸收公众存款罪的关键:“以非法占有为目的”要素的作用则在于与客观构成要件要素共同推定集资诈骗罪的违法性。For a long time,China ’ s theory of criminal law theory and judicial practice have regarded the element of "illegal possession as the purpose " as the essential difference between the crime of fundraising fraud and the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits. The crime of fund raising fraud can be clearly distinguished.However,the purpose of a person is a subjective psychological fact that cannot be directly perceived by the outside world. If the purpose element is regarded as the foundation of the crime of fundraising fraud,I am afraid that the judgment of the crime of fundraising fraud is completely or basically based on the subjective psychological facts that cannot be confirmed by evidence. Above,it can easily lead to the deliberate nature of the crime of fund-raising fraud. The essential difference between the crime of fund-raising fraud and the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits should be the violation of legal interests( substantial violations of the law).The important role of this aspect, coupled with its objective and recognizable characteristics,should be based on this element as the key to identifying the crime of fund-raising fraud and distinguishing the crime of fund-raising fraud from the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits. The function of the element "for the purpose of illegal possession " lies in the illegal nature of the crime of collecting funds for fraudulent collection of funds together with objective constituent elements.

关 键 词：以非法占有为目的 集资诈骗罪 非法吸收公众存款罪 目的犯 刑事推定 

分 类 号：DF62[政治法律—刑法学]