科技定位侦查与隐私权的层级保护--以美国Carpenter案为视角  

Hierarchical Protection of Scientific and Technological Positioning Investigation and Privacy Rights:from the Perspective of the American Carpenter Case

作　　者：王仲羊 WNAG Zhong-yang(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《河北法学》2021年第3期164-182,共19页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目《国家监察体系中职务犯罪侦查权运行机制研究》(17BFX005)。

摘　　要：以手机定位为代表的科技定位侦查在提升侦查效益的同时,也诱发了侵犯隐私的数据危机,并引起了隐私权、第三方机构数据控制权与刑事侦查权之间的利益博弈。对此,美国Carpenter案作为隐私权层级化保护的标杆式案例,判定公民对手机基站定位信息享有隐私合理期待。该案不仅在侦查调取阶段重塑了隐私权的判断标准,还在侦查分析阶段凸显了隐私利益的层级化特征,进而引发了程序控制的重点由信息收集环节向信息分析环节的转移。相比之下,我国隐私权保护呈现统合性特征。有必要借鉴美国的经验,以侦查行为和信息特质为脉络,建立数据分级调取机制,创设"数据分析"侦查措施,赋予信息主体各项数据权利,改造技术侦查中的监控条款,形成"调取-分析-监控"的梯级诉讼程序,以实现隐私权的层级化保护。While the technology positioning investigation represented by mobile phone positioning improves the investigative efficiency,it also induces a data crisis that violates privacy,and causes a game of interests between privacy rights,third-party data control rights,and criminal investigation rights. In this regard,the American Carpenter case,as a benchmark case for hierarchical protection of privacy rights,determined that citizens have reasonable expectations for the privacy of mobile phone base station positioning information. The case not only reshaped the judgment standard of privacy rights in the investigation and retrieval stage,but also highlighted the hierarchical characteristics of privacy interests in the investigation and analysis stage,which in turn triggered a shift in the focus of procedural control from information collection to information analysis. In contrast,my country ’ s privacy protection presents a unified feature. It is necessary to learn from the experience of the United States,use investigation behavior and information characteristics as the context,establish a data hierarchical retrieval mechanism,create "data analysis"investigation measures,grant information subjects various data rights,reform the monitoring clauses in technical investigations,and form "interviews"The step-bystep litigation procedure of"take-analyze-monitor"to achieve hierarchical protection of privacy.

关 键 词：科技定位侦查 隐私权 侦查调取 侦查分析 技术侦查 

分 类 号：DF793[政治法律—诉讼法学]