中国式的环境治理:晋升、民声与法治  

Chinese-Style Environmental Governance:Performance Evaluation,Responses to the Public and Institutions

作　　者：涂正革[1] 周星宇 王昆 Tu Zhengge;Zhou Xingyu;Wang Kun(School of Economics and Business Administration,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079;School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学经济与工商管理学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第2期44-60,共17页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“环境保护与经济高质量发展融合的机制、路径和政策体系研究”(18ZDA051)。

摘　　要：如何打开地方政府环境治理的“黑箱”,从而剖析我国环境治理机制的内核?基于“官场、市场和公众”环境治理框架,运用2000—2015年的省级数据分析绩效考核、公众诉求和市场法治对地方政府环境治理行为的影响,研究发现:第一,环境绩效纳入官员晋升考核显著地改变了地方政府在政治锦标赛下的环境治理模式,2006年后经济绩效对环境治理投入的支撑效应逐渐超过挤占效应,环境绩效对环境治理投入的压力效应与激励效应并存;第二,公众参与在一定程度上能够促进地方政府的环境治理行为,但专业有序的渠道效果更显著;第三,市场法治环境的改善显著减少了地方政府的环保人力投入。总之,与官员晋升直接关联的绩效考核仍然是我国环境治理的“牛鼻子”,但是公众有序参与和市场法治建设是环境治理长治久安的保障。This paper tries to unlock the“black box”of the mode of local environmental governance in China and figure out its mechanisms.Developing the model combining the government,enterprises and the public together on local environmental governance,and using panel data from China’s 30 provinces from 2000 to 2015,we examine the effects of relative performance evaluation,institutions and public participation on local governments’environmental governance.We find that the local government’s environmental governance pattern under the political championship has been modified since environmental performance is included in the promotion assessment of officials.After 2006,the supporting effect of economic performance on environmental governance investment gradually exceeded the crowding effect,and the pressure effect and incentive effect of environmental performance on environmental governance investment coexist.Public participation,to some extent,contributes to the local environmental governance,professional and orderly channels are more effective.The improvement of institutions including the rules of markets and the laws can significantly decrease the number of people working in the environmental sectors.In short,the performance evaluation directly related to the promotion of officials is still the key to China’s environmental governance,and the orderly participation of the public and the construction of the rule of law on the market are the guarantee of long-term stability in environmental governance.

关 键 词：环境治理 绩效考核 市场法治 公众诉求 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]