宋明理学视野下的杨朱形象  

The Image of Yang Zhu in the View of Neo-Confucianism

作　　者：刘固盛[1] 赵妍 Liu Gusheng;Zhao Yan(Research Center for Taoist and Taoism,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学道家道教研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第2期141-148,共8页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国老学通史”(14ZDB004)。

摘　　要：杨朱作为先秦道家的重要人物,历史上存在着对他的诸多误解和批评,但理学家朱熹、林希逸以及明代心学传人朱得之等人对杨朱的评价则主要是正面的、肯定的。朱熹明确指出杨朱就是老子之弟子,其学“超然远举”,他视杨朱为老子正宗的继承人,把杨朱放在道家思想史中一个很重要的位置上;林希逸以“自然豁达”来概括杨朱思想的主旨;朱得之则认为杨朱思想“天真不凿”,有“旷达之怀”,于世有益。上述三位儒家学者在很大程度上理解了杨朱,并不约而同地肯定了杨朱的为我之学,而从本质上则反映出宋明理学对道家思想的深度认同。As an important figure of Taoism in the pre-Qin Dynasty,Yang Zhu has often been misunderstood and criticized in history.However,the appraisal of Yang Zhu by the Neo-Confucianists Zhu Xi,Lin Xiyi,and the successor of Xinxue in the Ming Dynasty,Zhu Dezhi,is mainly positive and affirmative.Zhu Xi precisely points out that Yang Zhu is Lao Zi’s disciple,and his knowledge is“transcendent and otherworldly”.He regards Yang Zhu as the true heir of Lao Zi and puts Yang Zhu in a significant position in the history of Taoism.In addition,Lin Xiyi summarizes the essence of Yang Zhu’s thoughts,and describes them as“natural and open-minded”.Last but not least,Zhu Dezhi assumes that Yang Zhu’s thoughts are natural,unartificial,broad-minded,and beneficial to the entire world.The aforementioned three Confucian scholars understand Yang Zhu well,and they all confirm Yang Zhu’s theory of“Each one for himself”.Essentially,it reflects that Song and Ming Confucianism has a profound acceptance of the thoughts of Taoism.

关 键 词：杨朱 理学 儒道关系 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B223.3