跳水运动员心理旋转的时间具身效应及脑加工时程特征  

Temporal Embodiment and Time Course of Event-Related Brain Potentials in Diving Athlete’s Mental Rotation

作　　者：冯甜 李亚伟 张忠秋[2] FENG Tian;LI Ya-Wei;ZHANG Zhong-Qiu(Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450053,Henan China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing,100061,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学体育学院,河南郑州450053 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2021年第2期105-115,共11页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(项目编号:19CTY013)。

摘　　要：目的:从不同运动经验者的主体心理旋转能力出发,探索时间压力条件影响运动员心理旋转能力的行为表现及脑加工时程特征。方法:采用"专家—新手"范式,通过事件相关电位(ERP)技术,比较42名跳水运动员和非运动员在有无时间压力的主体心理旋转任务中的反应时、正确率、N2潜伏期、波峰值和RRN平均波幅。结果:1)在时间压力条件下,跳水运动员的正确率更高。2)时间压力设置使得N2潜伏期提前,波峰值减小,RRN平均波幅增大。3)在时间压力条件下跳水运动员的N2波峰值和RRN平均波幅较非运动员更大。结论:在时间压力下跳水运动员的心理旋转表现出行为绩效和脑活动的双重优势,提示认知过程通过耦合感觉—运动系统习得的时间压力相关经验,完成心理旋转能力的专家优势具身化过程。Objective:In view of individual’s mental rotation with various sports expertise,the present study explored the behavioral performance and time course of brain processing in divers and non-athletes.Methods:By using the expert-novice paradigm,event-related potentials were measured to investigate the reaction time,accuracy,the latency and peak amplitude of N2 and average amplitude of RRN.Results:1)The diver’s accuracy was higher than the non-athletes under time pressure.2)in the time pressure condition,all subjects evoked earlier N2 latency,decreased N2 peak and enlarged average RRN.3)the diver demonstrated larger N2 peak and average RRN than the non-athletes under time pressure.Conclusion:In time pressure condition,the divers showed dual advantages of behavioral performance and brain activities in mental rotation task.It is suggested that in the process of temporal embodiment of mental rotation ability,the cognitive process couples the temporal-related experience of sense-motor system and complete the embodiment of mental rotation ability in sport experts.

关 键 词：心理旋转 运动经验 具身认知 时间信息 ERP 跳水运动员 

分 类 号：G861.21[文化科学—体育训练]