学龄前儿童执行功能与注意缺陷多动症状的元分析:抑制控制和工作记忆的作用  

A Meta-Analysis of Executive Function and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool Children:The Role of Inhibitory Control and Working Memory

作　　者：涂梦璐 刘奇 杨福义[1] 王秋 TU Menglu;LIU Qi;YANG Fuyi;WANG Qiu(Department of Special Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062;Department of Higher Education,Syracuse University,Syracuse,13244)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学特殊教育学系,上海200062 [2]雪城大学高等教育学系,美国雪城13244

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2021年第2期67-76,共10页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：上海市“浦江人才”计划项目“基于功能性行为分析(FBA)的儿童问题行为矫正策略研究”(项目编号:13PJC037)的阶段性研究成果之一。

摘　　要：注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的执行功能缺陷理论已在学龄期儿童和青少年中被广泛证明,学龄前是执行功能发展的重要时期,学龄前儿童执行功能与ADHD症状的关系尚存争议。采用元分析的方法整合国内外近十年的文献,探讨学龄前儿童执行功能与ADHD症状的关系,并分析影响因素。通过文献检索,纳入符合要求的文献28篇,共70个有效数据,总样本量6238名。研究结果显示:学龄前儿童执行功能及其子成分均能够显著预测后期的ADHD症状;学龄前儿童执行功能与ADHD症状具有显著相关,进一步的调节效应显示,执行功能测量方式会显著影响执行功能与ADHD症状的关系;抑制控制、工作记忆均与注意缺陷和多动症状显著相关,其中工作记忆与注意缺陷相关度最高。The theory of executive dysfunction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)has been widely proved in school-aged children and adolescents.Preschool stage is an important period for executive function development,but the relationship between executive function and ADHD symptoms remains controversial.This study employed a meta-analysis method to analyze the researches in the past decade to explore the relationship between preschool executive function and ADHD symptoms and the factors affecting it.A total of 28 papers with 70 valid data and 6238 samples were included.The results showed that preschool executive function and its sub-components could significantly predict the ADHD symptoms in the later period.Preschool executive function was significantly correlated with ADHD symptoms.Further analysis showed that executive function measurements could significantly affect the relationship between executive function and ADHD symptoms.Inhibition control and working memory were significantly correlated with attention deficit and ADHD symptoms,in which working memory had the biggest effect size in attention deficit.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 执行功能 ADHD症状 元分析 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]