肠道微生物群与部分人类疾病的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Relation of Human Gut Microbiota and Some Diseases

作　　者：梁仙志 廖旻晶[1] 王宏波 叶湘漓[1] Liang Xianzhi;Liao Minjing;Wang Hongbo;Ye Xiangli(School of Medicine,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410013;Clinical Laboratory,Changsha Central Hospital,Changsha,410004)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学医学院,长沙410013 [2]长沙市中心医院检验科,长沙410004

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2020年第12期5874-5880,共7页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：国家出国留学基金(CSC201708430158);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(18A028);湖南省教育厅科学研究一般项目(18B033)共同资助。

摘　　要：肠道微生物群不仅对维持人体的正常生理活动起着重要的作用,而且与多种人类疾病的发生发展相关。肠道微生物群及其代谢产物可以通过神经内分泌系统、免疫系统等作用于中枢神经系统,形成"微生物-肠-脑轴",与自闭症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、精神分裂症等神经系统疾病密切相关;肠道微生物群组成的改变可损伤肠道的屏障功能,使病原体及各种代谢产物侵入体内,最终导致炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征等肠道疾病的发生;肠道微生物群多样性的降低可引起机体的代谢变化,进而参与肥胖、Ⅱ型糖尿病等代谢性疾病的发生与发展。通过粪菌移植、活性炭吸附、补充益生菌和益生元等不同途径调节肠道微生物群的数量与组成,对于维持肠道的微生态平衡、预防和治疗疾病等具有重要的意义。而样品收集与保存技术、测序技术以及信息分析工具等技术的创新将为进一步研究肠道微生物群在人类健康与疾病中的作用铺平道路。Gut microbiota not only plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological activities of human body,but also is related to the occurrence and development of a variety of human diseases.Gut microbiota and its metabolites communicate to the central nervous system through neuroendocrine system,and immune systems,forming the"brain-gut-microbiome axis",which associated with autism spectrum disorders,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia and other neurological diseases.Changes of gut microbiota can also undermine the intestinal barrier function,causing pathogens and various metabolites to invade the body,and resulting in inflammatory bowel disease,irritable bowel syndrome and other intestinal diseases finally.Reduction of gut microbiota diversity may change the metabolism of the human body,and relates to the development and progression of some metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.To regulate the quantity and composition of gut microbiota through different ways,like fecal bacteria transplantation,activated carbon adsorption,supplement of probiotics and probiotics,has of great significance for maintaining intestinal microecological balance,preventing and treating diseases.Important advances in techniques associated with microbial research,such as ways of sample’s collection and storage,DNA sequencing,and computation-ba sed bioinformatics,could pave the way to a further researching of the role of gut microbiota in human health and disease.

关 键 词：肠道微生物群 微生态平衡 人类疾病 

分 类 号：R363[医药卫生—病理学]