作为社会沟通系统的艺术与美学--尼克拉斯·卢曼的艺术美学沟通观  

Art and Aesthetics as a Social Communication System:Niklas Luhmann's Communication View of Art Aesthetics

作　　者：郑端 ZHENG Duan(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《美育学刊》2021年第2期59-67,共9页Journal of Aesthetic Education

摘　　要：现代德国著名的系统理论家尼克拉斯•卢曼提出的艺术系统论独具“二阶观察”的慧眼,洞鉴传统艺术美学理论执着于“美学”“艺术家”“艺术品”等“一阶观察”概念范畴而产生的观察盲点,转而将艺术及美学置于现代社会的多元脉络中综合考量。在他看来,艺术是一个社会沟通系统,美学是一种审美沟通,美学沟通也是艺术沟通。卢曼将艺术沟通描述为一个封闭自指、自我生产的网络化的沟通系统。然而,艺术沟通面临着发生概率较低的困难,艺术作为成功媒介,其结构的二值编码化则提供了问题的解决之道:艺术编码的“美/丑”二元图示成就了艺术的象征性普遍化之功能,操纵沟通,降低失败的风险。Niklas Luhmann's art system theory has the clairvoyance of second-order observer,offering an insight into the blind spots of traditional art and aesthetical theories which are obsessed with concepts such as“aesthetics”,“artist”and“artwork”on first-order observation level.Instead,art and aesthetics are comprehensively considered in a poly-contextual modern society:art is a sort of communication,i.e.,a social communication system;aesthetics is aesthetic communication which is communication of art.Reflecting upon the clichés about artistic communication,Luhmann describes artistic communication as a network of closed operating,self-referential and self-reproducing communications.However,due to improbabilities of communication,artistic communication is highly improbable;art as a kind of success media,whose structure is binary coded,provides a solution to the problem:the binary schematization of artistic coding fulfils the symbolically generalized function of art,reducing the risk of failure in artistic communication.

关 键 词：卢曼 美学 艺术系统 艺术沟通 艺术编码化 

分 类 号：J01[艺术—艺术理论]