大型海藻规模栽培是增加海洋碳汇和解决近海环境问题的有效途径  

Large-scale Cultivation of Seaweed is Effective Approach to Increase Marine Carbon Sequestration and Solve Coastal Environmental Problems

作　　者：杨宇峰[1,2] 罗洪添 王庆 贺志理[2,3] 龙爱民 YANG Yufeng;LUO Hongtian;WANG Qing;HE Zhili;LONG Aimin(College of Life Science and Technology/Research Center on Low-carbon Economy for Guangzhou Region,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519000,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China;South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生命科学技术学院/广州区域低碳经济重点研究基地,广州510632 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海519000 [3]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510006 [4]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广州510301

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2021年第3期259-269,共11页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0901101);国家自然科学基金项目(41977268);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)创新团队建设项目(311020005)。

摘　　要：当前,世界各国均关注于减缓气候变暖、降低大气二氧化碳(CO2)排放为核心目标的低碳和碳中和理念。海洋是地球最大的碳库,在降低大气CO2浓度方面具有重要作用。地球上超过一半的生物碳由海洋生物完成。大型海藻栽培具有成本低、产量高、碳汇可计量、栽培可控性强等优势;在近海可形成产业化的蓝碳,是海洋碳汇值得推崇的可持续发展模式。此外,规模栽培大型海藻可解决栽培海区海洋酸化、低氧、富营养化、有害藻华等海洋环境问题。文章从大型海藻栽培、环境修复作用及综合效益评估等方面综述了大型海藻碳汇功能及其解决近海环境问题的潜力。大型海藻规模栽培是发展低碳经济、增加海洋碳汇、实现碳中和,以及解决近海环境问题的有效途径。All countries in the world are paying attention to low-carbon and carbon neutrality to achieve the mitigation of climate warming by reducing CO2 emissions. Ocean is the largest carbon pool on the earth and play an important role of carbon neutrality. More than half of the biological carbon on the earth is achieved by marine organisms. Among them, seaweed resources are abundant, with advantages such as low cost, high yield, measurable carbon sink, and strong cultivation controllability. Industrialized blue carbon can be formed offshore, which is a sustainable model for future development in coastal ecosystems. In addition, large-scale cultivation of seaweed can provide potential solutions to the global marine environmental problems such as ocean acidification, hypoxia, eutrophication, and harmful algal blooms. This review focuses on the function of seaweed carbon sinks, and seaweeds’ potential to solve coastal environmental problems in terms of cultivation, environmental bioremediation effects, and comprehensive benefit assessment. In conclusion, large-scale seaweed cultivation is an effective approach for developing low-carbon economy, increasing marine carbon sink capability, solving marine environmental problems, and finally achieving carbon neutrality.

关 键 词：大型海藻 碳汇 低碳经济 可持续发展 环境修复 

分 类 号：Q949.2[生物学—植物学] P74[天文地球—海洋科学] X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]