粤港澳大湾区海岸带生态系统保护和修复策略  

Discussion on the strategies of coastal ecosystem protection and restoration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：王金华[1,2] 黄华梅 贾后磊[1,2] 郑淑娴 赵明利[1] 陈绵润 张晓浩[1] 庄铎 WANG Jinhua;HUANG Huamei;JIA Houlei;ZHENG Shuxian;ZHAO Mingli;CHEN Mianrun;ZHANG Xiaohao;ZHUANG Duo(South China Sea Marine Institute of Environmental and Planning,State Oceanic Administration,Guangzhou 510300,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory,Guangzhou 510301,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory,Zhuhai 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海规划与环境研究院,广州510300 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广州510301 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海519082

出　　处：《生态学报》2020年第23期8430-8439,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0402);广东省海洋经济发展(海洋六大产业)专项资金项目(GDNRC [2020]067号);2018年国家社会科学基金重大研究专项项目(18VHQ014)。

摘　　要：粤港澳大湾区是我国海岸带高强度开发区域,面临着生态环境质量不高、生态系统受损严重的压力,开展海岸带生态系统保护修复是绿色湾区发展的必然需求。在分析大湾区海岸带基底、生态环境现状及问题的基础上,提出大湾区海岸带生态系统保护修复规划的策略,从以下5个方面构筑粤港澳大湾区海岸带生态系统保护修复规划的体系:一是从陆海污染统筹治理来恢复海域生物生存环境;二是从自然岸线保护、自然保护地体系重构与规范化建设、珍稀濒危物种栖息地保护来加强海岸带生态的保护;三是通过岸线生态修复、典型滨海湿地生态系统(红树林、珊瑚礁、海草床)修复、受损海岛生态修复来构筑生态安全屏障;四是从海堤生态化改造与建设、沿海防护林体系建设和海岸带综合防护工程建设来促进生态减灾协同增效;五是打造智慧海岸带管理服务平台来保障海洋命运共同体健康发展。本研究提出大湾区海岸带生态保护修复策略,期望为大湾区生态建设和环境保护提供参考。The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(hereafter the Greater Bay Area) is a high-intensity development area in China′s coastal zone, facing the pressure of serious damage to coastal ecosystem and low ecological environment quality. It is necessary to protect and restore the coastal ecosystem in the development of the Greater Bay Area. Based on analysis of the present situations and problems of the Greater Bay Area, we provide strategies to protect and restore the Greater Bay Area′s coastal ecosystems and put forward five aspects to develop the planning system of protecting and restoring the Greater Bay Area ecosystem: 1) to restore the marine biologically survival environment by land and sea pollution control;2) to strengthen the protection of coastal ecology through the protection of natural coastlines, reconstruction and standardization of protected area system, and protection of the habitats of rare and endangered species;3) to construct ecological barrier through ecological restoration of coastlines, coastal wetland ecosystems such as the degraded mangroves, coral reefs, seaweed beds and damaged islands;4) to promote the synergy and efficiency of ecological disaster reduction through ecological transformation and construction of seawalls and coastal shelter forest systems, as well as the demonstration of the integrated disaster prevention system;5) to build a smart coastal zone management service platform to ensure the healthy development of the community of a shared maritime destiny. This study proposes strategies and suggestions for ecological protection and restoration of the coastal zone in the Greater Bay Area in order to provide references for ecological development and environmental protection.

关 键 词：海岸带 生态系统 生态保护修复 规划策略 粤港澳大湾区 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]