西王母为突厥乌迈女神说之检讨  

The Pre-Qin Xiwangmu’s Etymological Identification as the Pre-Turkic Goddess Umay Revisited

作　　者：唐均[1] John Tang(School of Foreign Languages,Southwest Jiaotong University,610031,Chengdu,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学外国语学院,成都610031

出　　处：《北方工业大学学报》2021年第1期47-54,共8页Journal of North China University of Technology

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“契丹、女真传世文献整理与研究”(14JZD036)。

摘　　要：关于西王母神名的众多勘同研究中,将西王母同印度女神乌摩以及突厥女神乌迈相联系的说法尤其值得深究。本文首先根据已经确认的西王母最早汉籍记载,勘定了西王母同乌迈女神之间在神话意象上的共性,再根据阿尔泰语源学的新近研究成果推证出“西王母—乌迈神”所依恃的攘除灾祸原型,由此可以将乌迈神名同上古汉语背景下的西王母神名对应起来,从而得以解释两者之间的种种分歧,最后指出:西王母和乌迈神在神名起源上的勘同,正是原始阿尔泰人崇拜的攘灾神祗在华夏文化视域中的一种折射现象,而同印度女神乌摩之间可能的干系,则在于汉代佛教传入中原后随之而来的次生文化影响。Amongst the diverse etymological identifications of the Pre-Qin theonym Xiwangmu,a particular emphasis should be paid on Xiwangmu’s relations with the Indo-Aryan Umāas well as the Turkic Umay.Based on the acknowledged Chinese historiography concerned,the present article identifies the common features of mythic image between Xiwangmu and Goddess Umay,and furthermore infers the disaster-avoiding archetype of“Xiwangmu~Umay”from the perspective of the latest Altaicological progress;therefore,the theonym Xiwangmu in Archaic Chinese background can be identified as the Pre-Turkic term for Umay.In a sum,Xiwangmu’s theonymic identification as the Pre-Turkic term for Umay could become a Sinitic refraction of disaster-avoiding deification kept by Altaic peoples,together with its probable relations with the Indo-Aryan Umāin some secondary influences of Buddhism from the Eastern Han importation in China up.

关 键 词：西王母 乌迈女神 突厥语民族 阿尔泰语系 乌摩女神 

分 类 号：H7[语言文字]