“李约瑟难题”官僚政治解的“悖论”及其方法论启示  

“Paradox”in the Bureaucratic Political Solution to the“Needham Problem”and Its Methodological Enlightenment

作　　者：杨继国[1] Yang Jiguo

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《当代经济研究》2021年第3期54-60,112,共8页Contemporary Economic Research

摘　　要：大多数学者围绕"中国的官僚政治制度"来破解所谓"李约瑟难题",但会导致逻辑"悖论"。李约瑟本人与王亚南都认识到"李约瑟难题"实质是个"韦伯命题",但他们都没有对这个"韦伯命题"给出最终答案。其实,"韦伯命题"和"李约瑟难题"的解就在《资本论》之中。由于中国的"地主经济"封建制不同于西欧的"领主经济"封建制,劳动力难以变成商品,从而货币难以变成资本,造成了中国资本主义制度难产;资本主义难产又导致了中国近代的科技落后,从而沦为后发展国家。不过,在资本主义制度主导世界的条件下,落后国家可以、也只能通过不同于资本主义的社会主义制度来促进科学技术的发展,才有可能后来居上。基于"李约瑟难题"研究的方法论启示是,只有坚持马克思主义世界观和方法论,才能真正破解这类所谓"难题"。Most scholars focus on the“Chinese bureaucratic political system”to solve the“Needham Problem”,which will lead to a“paradox”.Both Joseph Needham and Wang Yanan realized that the“Needham Problem”was essentially a“Weber-thesis”,but they did not give a final answer to this“Weber-thesis”.In fact,the solution to the“Weber-thesis”and“Needham Problem”lies in Das Kapital.Because China’s feudal system of“landlord economy”was different from the feudal system of“lord economy”of Western Europe,it was difficult for labor to become a commodity,and thus difficult for currency to become capital,leading to difficult generation of the capitalist system in China.It then caused the backwardness of science and technology in modern China,which then became a late-developing country.However,under the background of the capitalist system dominating the world,backward countries can and can only promote the development of science and technology through a socialist system that is different from the capitalist system,so as to make it possible for them to surpass the developed countries as latecomers.We get the methodological enlightenment from research on the“Needham Problem”that,in order to truly solve this difficult problem,we must adhere to the Marxist worldview and methodology.

关 键 词：李约瑟难题 官僚政治 韦伯命题 悖论 方法论 

分 类 号：F092.7[经济管理—政治经济学]