考虑弹性车体的轨道车辆转向架悬挂参数多目标优化设计  

Multiobjective Optimization Design for Suspension Parameters of Rail Vehicle Bogie Considering Elastic Carbody

作　　者：肖乾 罗佳文 周生通 李超 罗志翔 郭冰彬 XIAO Qian;LUO Jiawen;ZHOU Shengtong;LI Chao;LUO Zhixiang;GUO Bingbin(Key Laboratory for Conveyance and Equipment of the Education Ministry of China,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang Jiangxi 330013,China;The State Key Laboratory of Heavy Duty AC Drive Electric Locomotive Systems Integration,CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou Hunan 412001,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学载运工具与装备教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]中车株洲电力机车有限公司大功率交流传动电力机车系统集成国家重点实验室,湖南株洲412001

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2021年第2期125-133,共9页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975210)。

摘　　要：以某地铁列车头车为研究对象,采用有限元软件HYPERMESH,ANSYS及动力学软件UM,建立考虑弹性车体的车辆—轨道刚柔耦合系统动力学模型;通过对比相同工况下车辆刚柔耦合模型和多刚体模型,研究车体的弹性振动对车辆平稳性的影响;在此基础上,采用多学科优化软件Isight,融合最优拉丁超立方试验技术、径向基函数神经网络代理模型技术和多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ,以车体地板面上车辆横向、垂向平稳性指标为优化目标,以脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轨垂向力、轮轴横向力为约束条件,对转向架悬挂参数进行多目标优化设计。结果表明:当转向架一系弹簧水平和垂向刚度分别为1446.663和1556.253 kN·m^(-1),二系弹簧水平和垂向刚度分别为91.005和161.190 kN·m^(-1),一系垂向阻尼为12.970 kN·s·m^(-1),二系垂向和横向阻尼分别为22.807和19.497 kN·s·m^(-1)时车辆动力学特性得到显著改善,且车体前端、中部和后端垂向平稳性指标优化率分别达到8.849%,8.922%和10.038%。Taking the head car of a subway train as the research object,the dynamic model of the rigid-flexible coupling system of vehicle and track considering the elastic carbody was established by using the finite element software HYPERMESH,ANSYS and the dynamics software UM.By comparing the rigid-flexible coupling model and the multi-rigid body model under the same working conditions,the influence of the elastic vibration of the carbody on vehicle stability was explored.On this basis,the multidisciplinary optimization software Isight was used to integrate the optimal Latin hypercube test technology,the radial basis function neural network proxy model technology and the multiobjective genetic algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ.Taking the lateral and vertical stability indexes of the vehicle on the floor of the carbody as the optimization target,the multiobjective optimization design of bogie suspension parameters was carried out with the derailment coefficient,wheel load reduction rate,wheel-rail vertical force and wheel-axle lateral force as constraints.Results show that when the horizontal and vertical stiffness of the primary spring in the bogie is 1446.663 kN·m^(-1) and 1556.253 kN·m^(-1) respectively,the horizontal and vertical stiffness of the secondary spring is 91.005 kN·m^(-1) and 161.190 kN·m^(-1) respectively.When the primary vertical damping is 12.970 kN·s·m^(-1),the secondary vertical and lateral damping is 22.807 kN·s·m^(-1) and 19.497 kN·s·m^(-1) respectively,the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle are significantly improved.The optimization rates of the vertical stability indexes of the front,middle and rear ends of the carbody reach 8.849%,8.922%and 10.038%respectively.

关 键 词：多目标优化 弹性车体 轨道车辆 转向架 悬挂参数 刚柔耦合动力学 车辆动力学 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.2[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]