南美白对虾淡化养殖对周边环境盐碱化的影响分析  

Effects of salinization on surrounding environment by desalination aquaculture of Penaeus vannamei

作　　者：杨铿[1] 李纯厚[1] 胡晓娟[1] 李红星 蒋魁[1] 刘永[1] YANG Keng;Li Chunhou;HU Xiaojuan;LI Hongxing;JIANG Kui;LIU Yong(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Science,Guangzhou 510300,China;Lixian Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Hunan Province,Lixian 415500,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广州510300 [2]湖南省澧县畜牧兽医水产局,澧县415500

出　　处：《生态科学》2021年第2期35-39,共5页Ecological Science

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2017HY-ZD0501);广东省海洋经济创新发展区域示范(GD2012-A010-10);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-48);广东省促进经济发展专项资金(现代渔业发展用途)省级项目(粤渔2018-02)。

摘　　要：为探讨淡化养殖南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)对养殖区周边环境盐碱化的影响,本研究对湖南澧县南美白对虾淡化养殖1年、3年、5年和7年的池塘及排水沟渠附近底泥样品进行了钾、钙、镁、钠、水溶性盐总量、氯离子等土壤盐碱化指标分析。结果显示,养殖池塘水溶性总盐含量均高于对照组。对比对照组,养殖池塘沉积物的氯离子浓度随养殖年份显著增加,5年的池塘Cl-含量最高。养殖池塘中Na^(+)、K+浓度与对照组相比无差异,到第7年Na^(+)显著增加。养殖池塘沉积物中Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)浓度对比对照组显著下降,养殖7年池塘Mg^(2+)浓度与对照池塘相近,而7年的池塘Ca^(2+)浓度显著高于对照组。结果表明,随着养殖年份的递增,养殖池塘的总盐、氯离子、Na^(+)和Ca^(2+)等盐碱化指标会呈现一定上升趋势,但目前整体未出现超出正常土壤标准状况,具体影响需进一步跟踪监测。In order to explore the effects of salinization on surrounding environment by desalination aquaculture of Penaeus vannamei,the soil salinization indexes such as potassium,calcium,magnesium,sodium,total amount of water-soluble salt,chloride ion,etc.were analyzed on sediment samples near ponds and drainage ditches in Lixian of Hunan province where Penaeus vannamei was desalinized and cultured for 1,3,5 and 7 years.The results showed that the total water-soluble salt content in the culture pond was higher than that of the control group.Compared with the control group,the chloride ion concentration in the culture pond sediments increased significantly with the breeding year,and the Cl-content in the pond for 5 years was the highest.The concentration of Na^(+)and K+in the culture pond had no difference,and by the 7th year Na^(+)increased significantly.And the concentrations of Mg^(2+)and Ca^(2+)in the sediments of the culture ponds decreased significantly compared with the control group.The concentration of Mg^(2+)in the ponds for 7 years was similar to that of the control pond,while the Ca^(2+)concentration in the ponds for 7 years was significantly higher than that of the control group.The results indicated that with the increase of the breeding year,the salinization indexes of total salt,chloride ion,Na^(+)and Ca^(2+)in the pond would show a certain upward trend,but the overall situation did not exceed the normal soil standard at present,and the specific impact needed further tracking and monitoring.

关 键 词：南美白对虾 盐碱化 淡化养殖 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]