城市热岛效应对人体健康影响研究综述  

A review of the human health consequences of urban heat island effect

作　　者：聂敬娣 张俊华 黄波 NIE Jingdi;ZHANG Junhua;HUANG Bo(School of Environmental and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Department of Geography and Resource Management,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,999077,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]香港中文大学地理与资源学系,香港999077

出　　处：《生态科学》2021年第1期200-208,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAJ05B04)。

摘　　要：城市热岛效应改变了城市局部气候环境,对人体健康构成了极大的威胁。随着城市的发展和城市人口的增加,城市热岛效应愈发严重。在此背景下,城市热岛效应对人类健康的影响成为研究热点。本文从热岛效应与人体健康的定量分析、热岛环境下弱势群体识别以及热岛效应缓解措施等方面,总结了近年来众多学者关于热岛效应对健康影响的研究,为城市建设管理者预防并减少城市热岛效应对城市居民健康的影响、建设生态文明城市提供参考。研究表明:1)城市热岛效应不仅可以通过热危害直接威胁人体健康,还可以通过加重空气污染间接增加呼吸系统疾病和心脑血管疾病等的发病率;2)老人、婴儿、低收入者、患病人群、学历较低者和体力劳动者等是热岛效应中的弱势群体;3)改善城市风环境,种植绿色植被,增加城市地表反射率等措施可以有效缓解城市热岛效应,减缓热岛效应对人体健康的影响。Urban heat island effect is the phenomenon that urban temperature is higher than its surrounding suburbs and countryside.The massive urbanization and rapid urban population growth have intensified the urban heat island effect.Local climate affected by the urban heat island poses a great threat to human health.In this context,that urban heat island effect on human health has become a research hotpot.This paper summarizes the recent studies on the health effects of heat island effect by many scholars from quantitative study of heat island effect on human health,vulnerable groups analysis and mitigation measures,which can provide urban construction managers with reference to prevent and reduce urban heat island effect on urban residents'health and ecological civilization of city construction.This study shows:1)The urban heat island effect can not only directly threaten human health by thermal hazards,but also indirectly increase the incidence of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by aggravating air pollution.2)The elderly,infants,low-income people,sick people,less educated people and manual workers are the vulnerable groups in the heat island effect.3)Measures to improve the urban wind environment,plant green vegetation and apply highly reflective materials to the building surface can effectively alleviate the urban heat island effect and reduce the impact on the health of the population.

关 键 词：城市热岛效应 城市化 人体健康 热风险 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学] X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]