微生物在恶臭污染治理中的研究及应用  

Microbial deodorization:mechanisms and application

作　　者：余鹏举 曹先贺 王宏志 李少杰[1,2] YU Pengju;CAO Xianhe;WANG Hongzhi;LI Shaojie(Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;Xinjiang Herun Water Industry Limited Company,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京101408 [3]新疆河润水业有限责任公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2021年第1期165-179,共15页Microbiology China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0500202);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010712)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着人们对恶臭污染重视程度的不断提高,针对恶臭气体控制和治理的研究也逐渐增多,其中微生物脱臭因其成本低、处理设备要求简易、基本无二次污染等较物理除臭和化学除臭无可比拟的优点,成为研究人员的关注热点。本文概述了微生物脱臭的过程和机理,主要介绍微生物脱臭技术分类和优缺点比较,以及微生物脱臭在恶臭污染治理中的研究与应用现状,重点介绍了生物洗涤法、生物过滤法、生物滴滤法和生物菌剂法4种微生物脱臭技术在畜禽养殖、垃圾处理和污水处理引起的恶臭污染治理中的研究与应用现状,最后对微生物脱臭的发展方向提出建议:加大对高效脱臭微生物资源的深度挖掘及选育工作的投入;加深对微生物在除臭过程中菌群结构的时空演变规律和对恶臭物质代谢原理及降解动力学的研究;加强对当前微生物脱臭技术及工艺的改进和创新。In recent years,with the increasing attention to odor pollution,the research on the control of malodorous gas has become a hot field.Compared with physical deodorization and chemical deodorization,microbial deodorization has many advantages,such as low input cost,simple equipment and less secondary pollution.Microbial deodorization has been widely in livestock farms,landfill,and sewage-treatment plant.Four main microbial deodorization techniques,including biological washing,biofiltration,biotrickling filtration and microbial agent addition,are currently used.However,each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages.The processes and mechanisms of microbial deodorization have been intensively studied but the knowledge on them is still limited.Future research in microbial deodorization might focus on:1)screening microorganisms with high-efficiency deodorizing performance;2)investigating the spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial community in the deodorization process and the metabolism and degradation kinetics of odorous substances;3)improving techniques of microbial deodorization.

关 键 词：微生物脱臭 恶臭污染 除臭技术 养殖业 垃圾处理 污水处理 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X512