巽卦《大象传》新诠  

A New Interpretation of the Daxiang zhuan(Commentary on the Images)Regarding Hexagram Xun[■]

作　　者：彭鹏[1] PENG Peng

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,浙江杭州310007

出　　处：《周易研究》2020年第6期15-21,共7页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：2020年浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地重点项目:“海外君子文化与人类命运共同体研究:以韩国大儒李退溪为例”(20JDZD007);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：历代易学家对巽卦《大象传》"随风巽,君子以申命行事"的解释主要是从君民关系角度,以君子发布命令告于万民为中心,围绕着"随"有"顺"义、"巽"有"入"义、"申"有"重"义、"风"有"萌"义及"八风"各有其时以成其"养物成功"之能四个向度展开,或取其一、或相杂糅。周代铭文中常见的册命用语"■……命"为"申命"之源初义,主要表示时王对先王册命或时王前命的沿袭与维护。"申命"所代表的重命制是维系周代分封制与世卿世禄制的制度保障,也是天子掌控诸侯和臣僚的重要手段。对《大象传》"随风巽,君子以申命行事"的解读应当从君臣关系出发,其旨归在于强调时王或诸侯掌握好重命制,保持与先王册命的一贯性,处理好与诸侯或臣僚的关系,以维持统治稳定。结合出土文献对巽卦《大象传》进行解读,为深入研究《大象传》与周王室的关系提供了重要参考。In the history of Changes scholarship, when intepreting "[The symbol of] wind, following each other, form Xun. The superior man, in accordance with this, reiterates his orders, and secures the practice of his affairs"(Sui feng xun, junzi yi shen ming xingshi随风巽,君子以申命行事), from the Daxiang zhuan(Commentary on the Images) regarding hexagram Xun [■, Gentle Penetration, 57], scholars tend to concentrate on the superior man’s issuing an order to the public from the perspective of relationship between prince and people. Around the character sui随which has the meaning of "obeying", the character xun巽has the meaning of "entering", the character shen申has the meaning of "reiteration", feng风has the meaning of "sprouting", and each of the "eight winds" has its time to accomplish its nourishing success, so scholars used to either choose one of the four dimensions or mix them to explain the sentence. The common term "■……命" in the inscriptions of the Zhou(1046-256 BCE) is the original meaning of shen ming 申命(lit., reiterate an order), which mainly expresses current King’s inheritance and maintenance of the former King’s titled order or his previous order. The system of repeating order represented by shen ming was an institutional guarantee for the maintenance of the feudalism of the Zhou and the line of hereditary succession, and it was also an important measure for the king to control the feudal princes and ministers. The interpretation of this commentary should be based on the relationship between monarchs and ministers and its purport lies in the idea that the King or feudal princes should master the system of repeating orders, maintain consistency with the predecessor, handle the relationship with the feudal princes or ministers in order to maintain stable development. The interpretation of the hexagram with the unearthed documents can provide an important reference for the viewpoint that the Commentary on the Images is closely related to the Zhou royal family.

关 键 词：《大象传》 申命 册命 分封制 世聊世禄 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]